Abstract
Human milk provides essential substrates for the optimal growth and development of a breastfed infant. Besides providing nutrients to the infant, human milk also contains metabolites which form an intricate system between maternal lifestyle, such as the mother’s diet and the gut microbiome, and infant outcomes. This study investigates the variation of these human milk metabolites from five different countries. Human milk samples (n = 109) were collected one month postpartum from Australia, Japan, the USA, Norway, and South Africa and were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance. The partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) showed separation between either maternal countries of origin or ethnicities. Variation between countries in concentration of metabolites, such as 2-oxoglutarate, creatine, and glutamine, in human milk, between countries, could provide insights into problems, such as mastitis and/or impaired functions of the mammary glands. Several important markers of milk production, such as lactose, betaine, creatine, glutamate, and glutamine, showed good correlation between each metabolite. This work highlights the importance of milk metabolites with respect to maternal lifestyle and the environment, and also provides the framework for future breastfeeding and microbiome studies in a global context.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 1151 |
| Journal | Nutrients |
| Volume | 10 |
| Issue number | 9 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 1 Sep 2018 |
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Worldwide variation in human milk metabolome : Indicators of breast physiology and maternal lifestyle? / VIVO Lacto Active Study Investigators.
In: Nutrients, Vol. 10, No. 9, 1151, 01.09.2018.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
TY - JOUR
T1 - Worldwide variation in human milk metabolome
T2 - Indicators of breast physiology and maternal lifestyle?
AU - VIVO Lacto Active Study Investigators
AU - Gay, Melvin C.L.
AU - Koleva, Petya T.
AU - Slupsky, Carolyn M.
AU - du Toit, Elloise
AU - Eggesbo, Merete
AU - Johnson, Christine C.
AU - Wegienka, Ganesa
AU - Shimojo, Naoki
AU - Campbell, Dianne E.
AU - Prescott, Susan L.
AU - Munblit, Daniel
AU - Geddes, Donna T.
AU - Kozyrskyj, Anita L.
AU - Dahl, Cecilie
AU - Haynes, Aveni
AU - Hsu, Peter
AU - Mackay, Charles
AU - Penders, John
AU - Renz, Harald
AU - Thijs, Carel
AU - West, Christina
PY - 2018/9/1
Y1 - 2018/9/1
N2 - Human milk provides essential substrates for the optimal growth and development of a breastfed infant. Besides providing nutrients to the infant, human milk also contains metabolites which form an intricate system between maternal lifestyle, such as the mother’s diet and the gut microbiome, and infant outcomes. This study investigates the variation of these human milk metabolites from five different countries. Human milk samples (n = 109) were collected one month postpartum from Australia, Japan, the USA, Norway, and South Africa and were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance. The partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) showed separation between either maternal countries of origin or ethnicities. Variation between countries in concentration of metabolites, such as 2-oxoglutarate, creatine, and glutamine, in human milk, between countries, could provide insights into problems, such as mastitis and/or impaired functions of the mammary glands. Several important markers of milk production, such as lactose, betaine, creatine, glutamate, and glutamine, showed good correlation between each metabolite. This work highlights the importance of milk metabolites with respect to maternal lifestyle and the environment, and also provides the framework for future breastfeeding and microbiome studies in a global context.
AB - Human milk provides essential substrates for the optimal growth and development of a breastfed infant. Besides providing nutrients to the infant, human milk also contains metabolites which form an intricate system between maternal lifestyle, such as the mother’s diet and the gut microbiome, and infant outcomes. This study investigates the variation of these human milk metabolites from five different countries. Human milk samples (n = 109) were collected one month postpartum from Australia, Japan, the USA, Norway, and South Africa and were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance. The partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) showed separation between either maternal countries of origin or ethnicities. Variation between countries in concentration of metabolites, such as 2-oxoglutarate, creatine, and glutamine, in human milk, between countries, could provide insights into problems, such as mastitis and/or impaired functions of the mammary glands. Several important markers of milk production, such as lactose, betaine, creatine, glutamate, and glutamine, showed good correlation between each metabolite. This work highlights the importance of milk metabolites with respect to maternal lifestyle and the environment, and also provides the framework for future breastfeeding and microbiome studies in a global context.
KW - Human milk
KW - Lactation
KW - Milk metabolites
KW - Milk metabolomics
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85052633846&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/nu10091151
DO - 10.3390/nu10091151
M3 - Article
VL - 10
JO - Nutrients
JF - Nutrients
SN - 2072-6643
IS - 9
M1 - 1151
ER -