Trunk muscle onset detection technique for EMG signals with ECG artefact.

The timing of trunk muscle activation has become an important element in the understanding of human movement in normaland chronic low back pain populations. The detection of anticipatory postural adjustment via trunk muscle onsets from electromyographic(EMG) signals can be problematic due to baseline noise or electro-cardiac (ECG) artefact. Shewhart protocols or wholesignal analyses may show different degrees of sensitivity under different conditions.Muscle activity onsets were determined from surface EMG of seven muscles for five trials before and after fatigue were examinedin four subjects (n = 280). The objective of this study was to examine two detection methods (Shewhart and integrated protocol(IP)) in determining the onsets of trunk muscles. The variability of the baseline amplitude and the impact of added Gaussian noiseon the detected onsets were used to test for robustness.The results of this study demonstrate that before and after fatigue there is a large degree of baseline variance in the trunk muscles(coefficients of variation between 40–65%) between trials. This could be normal response to body sway. The IP method was lesssusceptible to false onsets (detecting onsets in the baseline window) 3 vs. 51%. The findings suggest the IP method is robust withlarge variance in the baseline if the signal to noise ratio is greater than six.In spite of the robustness of the algorithm, the findings would suggest that statistical assessments should be used to target trialsfor selective visual inspection for subtle trunk muscle onsets.Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.