Translation with ongoing adaptation and improvement (ToAI) framework: A community-informed, structured, iterative approach to culturally adapting cognitive assessment tools

Quyen Q Tiet; Sarah Tomaszewski Farias; Duyen Tran; Van T Park; Brandon E Gavett; Ladson Hinton; Lauren G Mai; Christopher Nguyen; Rachel A Whitmer; Quyen Vuong; Danielle Harvey; Oanh L Meyer

doi:10.1002/trc2.70105

Translation with ongoing adaptation and improvement (ToAI) framework: A community-informed, structured, iterative approach to culturally adapting cognitive assessment tools

Quyen Q Tiet
, Sarah Tomaszewski Farias
, Duyen Tran
, Van T Park
, Brandon E Gavett
, Ladson Hinton
, Lauren G Mai
, Christopher Nguyen
, Rachel A Whitmer
, Quyen Vuong
, Danielle Harvey
, Oanh L Meyer

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD) are increasing globally, including in the United States, but the fast-growing Vietnamese American population remains understudied, with a significant lack of culturally adapted neuropsychological assessment tools. The Vietnamese Insights into Cognitive Aging Program (VIP) addresses this gap as the first longitudinal cohort study focused on this community.

METHODS: This paper (1) describes the assessment instruments, including a neuropsychological battery selected for the VIP, and (2) introduces the Translation with Ongoing Adaptation and Improvement (ToAI) framework, an innovative and practical method for culturally informed translation and adaptation.

RESULTS: The ToAI framework followed a nine-step process: preparation, translation, native-speaker review, VIP team review, external panel review, pilot testing, proofreading, final formatting, and ongoing review and improvement.

DISCUSSION: The ToAI framework was efficient, and the ongoing improvement component was particularly beneficial. It is recommended for inclusion in future cross-cultural research involving translation and adaptation processes.

HIGHLIGHTS: The Translation with Ongoing Adaptation and Improvement (ToAI) framework.Cross-cultural translation and adaptation of psychological assessment instruments.Neuropsychological assessment for Vietnamese American older adults.The Vietnamese Insights into Cognitive Aging Program (VIP).

Original language	English
Article number	e70105
Number of pages	9
Journal	Alzheimer's and Dementia: Translational Research and Clinical Interventions
Volume	11
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/trc2.70105
Publication status	Published - Apr 2025

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10.1002/trc2.70105Licence: CC BY-NC-ND

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Tiet, Q. Q., Farias, S. T., Tran, D., Park, V. T., Gavett, B. E., Hinton, L., Mai, L. G., Nguyen, C., Whitmer, R. A., Vuong, Q., Harvey, D., & Meyer, O. L. (2025). Translation with ongoing adaptation and improvement (ToAI) framework: A community-informed, structured, iterative approach to culturally adapting cognitive assessment tools. Alzheimer's and Dementia: Translational Research and Clinical Interventions, 11(2), Article e70105. https://doi.org/10.1002/trc2.70105

@article{1539906ba06a4173812aae18a895c67d,

title = "Translation with ongoing adaptation and improvement (ToAI) framework: A community-informed, structured, iterative approach to culturally adapting cognitive assessment tools",

abstract = "INTRODUCTION: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD) are increasing globally, including in the United States, but the fast-growing Vietnamese American population remains understudied, with a significant lack of culturally adapted neuropsychological assessment tools. The Vietnamese Insights into Cognitive Aging Program (VIP) addresses this gap as the first longitudinal cohort study focused on this community.METHODS: This paper (1) describes the assessment instruments, including a neuropsychological battery selected for the VIP, and (2) introduces the Translation with Ongoing Adaptation and Improvement (ToAI) framework, an innovative and practical method for culturally informed translation and adaptation.RESULTS: The ToAI framework followed a nine-step process: preparation, translation, native-speaker review, VIP team review, external panel review, pilot testing, proofreading, final formatting, and ongoing review and improvement.DISCUSSION: The ToAI framework was efficient, and the ongoing improvement component was particularly beneficial. It is recommended for inclusion in future cross-cultural research involving translation and adaptation processes.HIGHLIGHTS: The Translation with Ongoing Adaptation and Improvement (ToAI) framework.Cross-cultural translation and adaptation of psychological assessment instruments.Neuropsychological assessment for Vietnamese American older adults.The Vietnamese Insights into Cognitive Aging Program (VIP).",

author = "Tiet, \{Quyen Q\} and Farias, \{Sarah Tomaszewski\} and Duyen Tran and Park, \{Van T\} and Gavett, \{Brandon E\} and Ladson Hinton and Mai, \{Lauren G\} and Christopher Nguyen and Whitmer, \{Rachel A\} and Quyen Vuong and Danielle Harvey and Meyer, \{Oanh L\}",

note = "{\textcopyright} 2025 The Author(s). Alzheimer's \& Dementia: Translational Research \& Clinical Interventions published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Alzheimer's Association.",

year = "2025",

month = apr,

doi = "10.1002/trc2.70105",

language = "English",

volume = "11",

journal = "Alzheimer's and Dementia: Translational Research and Clinical Interventions",

issn = "2352-8737",

publisher = "Elsevier",

number = "2",

}

Tiet, QQ, Farias, ST, Tran, D, Park, VT, Gavett, BE, Hinton, L, Mai, LG, Nguyen, C, Whitmer, RA, Vuong, Q, Harvey, D & Meyer, OL 2025, 'Translation with ongoing adaptation and improvement (ToAI) framework: A community-informed, structured, iterative approach to culturally adapting cognitive assessment tools', Alzheimer's and Dementia: Translational Research and Clinical Interventions, vol. 11, no. 2, e70105. https://doi.org/10.1002/trc2.70105

Translation with ongoing adaptation and improvement (ToAI) framework: A community-informed, structured, iterative approach to culturally adapting cognitive assessment tools. / Tiet, Quyen Q; Farias, Sarah Tomaszewski; Tran, Duyen et al.
In: Alzheimer's and Dementia: Translational Research and Clinical Interventions, Vol. 11, No. 2, e70105, 04.2025.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Translation with ongoing adaptation and improvement (ToAI) framework

T2 - A community-informed, structured, iterative approach to culturally adapting cognitive assessment tools

AU - Tiet, Quyen Q

AU - Farias, Sarah Tomaszewski

AU - Tran, Duyen

AU - Park, Van T

AU - Gavett, Brandon E

AU - Hinton, Ladson

AU - Mai, Lauren G

AU - Nguyen, Christopher

AU - Whitmer, Rachel A

AU - Vuong, Quyen

AU - Harvey, Danielle

AU - Meyer, Oanh L

PY - 2025/4

Y1 - 2025/4

N2 - INTRODUCTION: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD) are increasing globally, including in the United States, but the fast-growing Vietnamese American population remains understudied, with a significant lack of culturally adapted neuropsychological assessment tools. The Vietnamese Insights into Cognitive Aging Program (VIP) addresses this gap as the first longitudinal cohort study focused on this community.METHODS: This paper (1) describes the assessment instruments, including a neuropsychological battery selected for the VIP, and (2) introduces the Translation with Ongoing Adaptation and Improvement (ToAI) framework, an innovative and practical method for culturally informed translation and adaptation.RESULTS: The ToAI framework followed a nine-step process: preparation, translation, native-speaker review, VIP team review, external panel review, pilot testing, proofreading, final formatting, and ongoing review and improvement.DISCUSSION: The ToAI framework was efficient, and the ongoing improvement component was particularly beneficial. It is recommended for inclusion in future cross-cultural research involving translation and adaptation processes.HIGHLIGHTS: The Translation with Ongoing Adaptation and Improvement (ToAI) framework.Cross-cultural translation and adaptation of psychological assessment instruments.Neuropsychological assessment for Vietnamese American older adults.The Vietnamese Insights into Cognitive Aging Program (VIP).

AB - INTRODUCTION: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias (ADRD) are increasing globally, including in the United States, but the fast-growing Vietnamese American population remains understudied, with a significant lack of culturally adapted neuropsychological assessment tools. The Vietnamese Insights into Cognitive Aging Program (VIP) addresses this gap as the first longitudinal cohort study focused on this community.METHODS: This paper (1) describes the assessment instruments, including a neuropsychological battery selected for the VIP, and (2) introduces the Translation with Ongoing Adaptation and Improvement (ToAI) framework, an innovative and practical method for culturally informed translation and adaptation.RESULTS: The ToAI framework followed a nine-step process: preparation, translation, native-speaker review, VIP team review, external panel review, pilot testing, proofreading, final formatting, and ongoing review and improvement.DISCUSSION: The ToAI framework was efficient, and the ongoing improvement component was particularly beneficial. It is recommended for inclusion in future cross-cultural research involving translation and adaptation processes.HIGHLIGHTS: The Translation with Ongoing Adaptation and Improvement (ToAI) framework.Cross-cultural translation and adaptation of psychological assessment instruments.Neuropsychological assessment for Vietnamese American older adults.The Vietnamese Insights into Cognitive Aging Program (VIP).

U2 - 10.1002/trc2.70105

DO - 10.1002/trc2.70105

M3 - Article

C2 - 40501512

SN - 2352-8737

VL - 11

JO - Alzheimer's and Dementia: Translational Research and Clinical Interventions

JF - Alzheimer's and Dementia: Translational Research and Clinical Interventions

IS - 2

M1 - e70105

ER -

Translation with ongoing adaptation and improvement (ToAI) framework: A community-informed, structured, iterative approach to culturally adapting cognitive assessment tools

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