Transient performance during start-up of a two-phase anaerobic digestion process demonstration unit treating carbohydrate-rich waste with biochar addition

The paper reports an experimental investigation into the transient performance during the start-up of a pilot-scale two-phase anaerobic digestion (TPAD) process demonstration unit (PDU) treating food waste with biochar addition. Hydrogen (H ₂ ) was produced in the first phase (R1) and methane (CH ₄ ) was produced in the second phase (R2). A fed-batch operation strategy was applied to the start-up of both phases, followed by semi-continuous operation. Production rates and yields of H ₂ and CH ₄ and volatile fatty acids (VFA) were measured while the pH and temperature were monitored throughout the process. Fed-batch operation allowed microbe enrichment and gradual VFA production in both phases, which was observed to be efficient in starting up the TPAD PDU. Under semi-continuous operation, R1 produced biogas with composition up to 49% of H ₂ and at a yield of 46 L H ₂ .kg ⁻¹ VS. CH ₄ composition and yield reached up to 59% and 301 L CH ₄ .kg ⁻¹ VS in the R2.