Abstract
The traditional subdivision of the brain stem into midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata is based purely on the external appearance of the human brain stem. There is an urgent need to update the names of brain stem structures to be consistent with the discovery of rhomobomeric segmentation based on gene expression. The most important mistakes are the belief that the pons occupies the upper half of the hindbrain, the failure to recognize the isthmus as the first segment of the hindbrain, and the mistaken inclusion of diencephalic structures in the midbrain. The new nomenclature will apply to all mammals. This essay recommends a new brain stem nomenclature based on developmental gene expression, progeny analysis, and fate mapping. In addition, we have made comment on the names given to a number of internal brain stem structures and have offered alternatives where necessary.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 10 |
| Journal | Frontiers in Neuroanatomy |
| Volume | 13 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 18 Feb 2019 |
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Time for radical changes in brain stem nomenclature—Applying the lessons from developmental gene patterns. / Watson, Charles; Bartholomaeus, Caitlin; Puelles, Luis.
In: Frontiers in Neuroanatomy, Vol. 13, 10, 18.02.2019.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
TY - JOUR
T1 - Time for radical changes in brain stem nomenclature—Applying the lessons from developmental gene patterns
AU - Watson, Charles
AU - Bartholomaeus, Caitlin
AU - Puelles, Luis
PY - 2019/2/18
Y1 - 2019/2/18
N2 - The traditional subdivision of the brain stem into midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata is based purely on the external appearance of the human brain stem. There is an urgent need to update the names of brain stem structures to be consistent with the discovery of rhomobomeric segmentation based on gene expression. The most important mistakes are the belief that the pons occupies the upper half of the hindbrain, the failure to recognize the isthmus as the first segment of the hindbrain, and the mistaken inclusion of diencephalic structures in the midbrain. The new nomenclature will apply to all mammals. This essay recommends a new brain stem nomenclature based on developmental gene expression, progeny analysis, and fate mapping. In addition, we have made comment on the names given to a number of internal brain stem structures and have offered alternatives where necessary.
AB - The traditional subdivision of the brain stem into midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata is based purely on the external appearance of the human brain stem. There is an urgent need to update the names of brain stem structures to be consistent with the discovery of rhomobomeric segmentation based on gene expression. The most important mistakes are the belief that the pons occupies the upper half of the hindbrain, the failure to recognize the isthmus as the first segment of the hindbrain, and the mistaken inclusion of diencephalic structures in the midbrain. The new nomenclature will apply to all mammals. This essay recommends a new brain stem nomenclature based on developmental gene expression, progeny analysis, and fate mapping. In addition, we have made comment on the names given to a number of internal brain stem structures and have offered alternatives where necessary.
KW - Brain stem
KW - Hindbrain
KW - Isthmus
KW - Midbrain
KW - Rhombomeres
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85064205616&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fnana.2019.00010
DO - 10.3389/fnana.2019.00010
M3 - Article
VL - 13
JO - Frontiers in Neuroanatomy
JF - Frontiers in Neuroanatomy
SN - 1662-5129
M1 - 10
ER -