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Abstract
Three-dimensional (3-D) wake transition for flow past a square cylinder aligned with sides perpendicular and parallel to the approaching flow is investigated using direct numerical simulation. The secondary wake instability, namely a Mode A instability, occurs at a Reynolds number (Re) of 165.7. A gradual wake transition from Mode A∗ (i.e. Mode A with vortex dislocations) to Mode B is observed over a range of from 185 to 210, within which the probability of occurrence of vortex dislocations decreases monotonically with increasing Re. The characteristics of the Strouhal-Reynolds number relationship are analysed. At the onset of Mode A∗, a sudden drop of the 3-D Strouhal number from its two-dimensional counterpart is observed, which is due to the subcritical nature of the Mode A∗ instability. A continuous 3-D Strouhal-Reynolds number curve is observed over the mode swapping regime, since Mode A∗ and Mode B have extremely close vortex shedding frequencies and therefore only a single merged peak is observed in the frequency spectrum. The existence of hysteresis for the Mode A and Mode B wake instabilities is examined. The unconfined Mode A and Mode B wake instabilities are hysteretic and non-hysteretic, respectively. However, a spanwise confined Mode A could be non-hysteretic. It is proposed that the existence of hysteresis at a wake instability can be identified by examining the sudden/gradual variation of the 3-D flow properties at the onset of the wake instability, with sudden and gradual variations corresponding to hysteretic (subcritical) and non-hysteretic (supercritical) flows, respectively.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 102-127 |
Number of pages | 26 |
Journal | Journal of Fluid Mechanics |
Volume | 842 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 10 May 2018 |
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Dive into the research topics of 'Three-dimensional wake transition of a square cylinder'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.Projects
- 2 Finished
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Hydrodynamic Forces on Small Diameter Pipelines Laid on Natural Seabed
Cheng, L. (Chief Investigator), Draper, S. (Chief Investigator), An, H. (Chief Investigator), Zhao, M. (Chief Investigator), White, D. (Chief Investigator) & Fogliani, N. (Chief Investigator)
ARC Australian Research Council
1/01/15 → 31/12/17
Project: Research
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Effect of natural seabed on hydrodynamics around cylindrical structures
An, H. (Investigator 01)
ARC Australian Research Council
1/01/15 → 11/01/18
Project: Research