Abstract
The measurement of bulk density in gravelly soils (>15% soil particles >2 mm) is more time-consuming than for other soils. The excavation method, usually employed for measurement of bulk density in gravelly soils, includes excavating a void and calculating volume of the void from the weight and density of the material (e.g. sand and plaster cast) used to fill the void. A 3-dimensional (3D) scanning system was developed to measure the volume of the void created when using the excavation method. The 3D scanning system combined a time-of-flight camera (Kinect ™), the KinectFusion algorithm, MeshLab and a portable computer to produce a 3D model of the void or plaster cast. Experiments were completed at three field sites where soil gravel (>2 mm) content ranged from 35 to 71% to assess the performance of the system. The void volume measured using the 3D scanning system was highly correlated with measurements using the plaster cast method (r = 0.99). The cumulative time taken to measure soil bulk density using 3D scanning was significantly (P < 0.001) less than for the sand replacement at 0–10, 10–20, 20–30 and 30–40 cm depth. The faster measurement of subsurface bulk density is a significant advantage of the 3D scanning system; the time taken to measure bulk density to 40 cm in 10 cm increments using the 3D scanning system was about one-third of the sand method.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 380-387 |
| Number of pages | 8 |
| Journal | Soil Use and Management |
| Volume | 34 |
| Issue number | 3 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 1 Sep 2018 |
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Three-dimensional scanning for measurement of bulk density in gravelly soils. / Scanlan, C. A.; Rahmani, H.; Bowles, R.; Bennamoun, M.
In: Soil Use and Management, Vol. 34, No. 3, 01.09.2018, p. 380-387.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
TY - JOUR
T1 - Three-dimensional scanning for measurement of bulk density in gravelly soils
AU - Scanlan, C. A.
AU - Rahmani, H.
AU - Bowles, R.
AU - Bennamoun, M.
PY - 2018/9/1
Y1 - 2018/9/1
N2 - The measurement of bulk density in gravelly soils (>15% soil particles >2 mm) is more time-consuming than for other soils. The excavation method, usually employed for measurement of bulk density in gravelly soils, includes excavating a void and calculating volume of the void from the weight and density of the material (e.g. sand and plaster cast) used to fill the void. A 3-dimensional (3D) scanning system was developed to measure the volume of the void created when using the excavation method. The 3D scanning system combined a time-of-flight camera (Kinect ™), the KinectFusion algorithm, MeshLab and a portable computer to produce a 3D model of the void or plaster cast. Experiments were completed at three field sites where soil gravel (>2 mm) content ranged from 35 to 71% to assess the performance of the system. The void volume measured using the 3D scanning system was highly correlated with measurements using the plaster cast method (r = 0.99). The cumulative time taken to measure soil bulk density using 3D scanning was significantly (P < 0.001) less than for the sand replacement at 0–10, 10–20, 20–30 and 30–40 cm depth. The faster measurement of subsurface bulk density is a significant advantage of the 3D scanning system; the time taken to measure bulk density to 40 cm in 10 cm increments using the 3D scanning system was about one-third of the sand method.
AB - The measurement of bulk density in gravelly soils (>15% soil particles >2 mm) is more time-consuming than for other soils. The excavation method, usually employed for measurement of bulk density in gravelly soils, includes excavating a void and calculating volume of the void from the weight and density of the material (e.g. sand and plaster cast) used to fill the void. A 3-dimensional (3D) scanning system was developed to measure the volume of the void created when using the excavation method. The 3D scanning system combined a time-of-flight camera (Kinect ™), the KinectFusion algorithm, MeshLab and a portable computer to produce a 3D model of the void or plaster cast. Experiments were completed at three field sites where soil gravel (>2 mm) content ranged from 35 to 71% to assess the performance of the system. The void volume measured using the 3D scanning system was highly correlated with measurements using the plaster cast method (r = 0.99). The cumulative time taken to measure soil bulk density using 3D scanning was significantly (P < 0.001) less than for the sand replacement at 0–10, 10–20, 20–30 and 30–40 cm depth. The faster measurement of subsurface bulk density is a significant advantage of the 3D scanning system; the time taken to measure bulk density to 40 cm in 10 cm increments using the 3D scanning system was about one-third of the sand method.
KW - 3-D scanning
KW - excavation method
KW - gravel
KW - in situ
KW - Soil bulk density
KW - time-of-flight
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85050640774&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/sum.12426
DO - 10.1111/sum.12426
M3 - Article
VL - 34
SP - 380
EP - 387
JO - Soil Use and Management
JF - Soil Use and Management
SN - 0266-0032
IS - 3
ER -