The use of traditional treatment modalities with special mention of Piper sarmentosum in treatment of bone fracture

Osteoporosis is a socio-public health issue which led to a rise in risk of fractures with subsequent delay in fracture healing. Fracture healing is a complex physiological process which involves four overlapping phases that is, haematoma formation, inflammation, repair and remodelling phases. It involves a series of biological cascades which resemble tissues differentiation that occur during foetal skeletal development. Several studies have been carried out to investigate the different traditional medicines using plants known for their fracture healing properties. Piper sarmentosum (Daun Kaduk) is widely distributed in South East Asia and used traditionally to treat many diseases such as diabetes mellitus, fungoid dermatitis and joint ache. The high costs and adverse effects of conventional treatment modalities may favor the wide usage of traditional herbal medicines. The current review focused on the usage of traditional herbal medicine to treat fractures healing in osteoporotic state.