@article{59116d1045c648f1aaeb3b3e46279e7f,
title = "The submarine fault scarp of the 2011 Tohoku-oki Earthquake in the Japan Trench",
abstract = "Rupture of the plate boundary fault during the 2011 Tohoku-oki earthquake with moment magnitude 9.0 is thought to have propagated to the trench. Surface exposure of the fault has not yet been confirmed because of great depths that are challenging to access and study. Using a manned submersible in the Japan Trench, we explored and visually assessed the seafloor near the epicenter. On the eastern slope of a thrust ridge 59 m high, which appeared after the earthquake, we found a 26 m high subvertical cliff regarded as the fault scarp. Cross-section analysis suggests an 80–120 m slip on the fault when assumed to dip at 45–30°, to build up the observed relief. The estimated larger displacement in the trench than in more proximal parts can be attributed to local enhancement of the slip by extension of the wedge above a subducting graben on the Pacific plate.",
author = "Hayato Ueda and Hiroshi Kitazato and Alan Jamieson and Todd Bond and Sara Cardigos and Masayoshi Funaki and Maroni, {Paige J.} and Hiroyasu Nanbu and O{\textquoteright}Callaghan, {Joanne M.} and Takuma Onishi and Pedersen, {Silje W.} and Jaya Roperez and Hiroumi Tsuruzono and Watanabe, {Hiromi K.} and Tetsuro Yasuda",
note = "Funding Information: Caladan Oceanic LLC and Inkfish LLC provided this precious chance and fully supported our research. Captain Alan Dankool, Expedition Leader Ian Strachan (EYOS Expeditions), and all the crew of DSSV Pressure Drop facilitated our activities. Successful dives would not have been achieved without an operation by the submarine team conducted by Tim MacDonald. Christopher May was the pilot, who led to, and first saw the fault cliff during dive#123. The first author also thanks Kenichiro Tani for yielding his opportunity for embarkation. Suggestions by Akito Ogawa greatly helped us to estimate the altitude of the vehicle from video images. JAMSTEC kindly provided MBES archive data for our request. This study was supported by the European Research Council (grant no.669947), the Danish National Research Foundation (grant DNRF145), and JSPS KAKENHI (grant JP20H02013). Funding Information: Caladan Oceanic LLC and Inkfish LLC provided this precious chance and fully supported our research. Captain Alan Dankool, Expedition Leader Ian Strachan (EYOS Expeditions), and all the crew of DSSV Pressure Drop facilitated our activities. Successful dives would not have been achieved without an operation by the submarine team conducted by Tim MacDonald. Christopher May was the pilot, who led to, and first saw the fault cliff during dive#123. The first author also thanks Kenichiro Tani for yielding his opportunity for embarkation. Suggestions by Akito Ogawa greatly helped us to estimate the altitude of the vehicle from video images. JAMSTEC kindly provided MBES archive data for our request. This study was supported by the European Research Council (grant no.669947), the Danish National Research Foundation (grant DNRF145), and JSPS KAKENHI (grant JP20H02013). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023, The Author(s).",
year = "2023",
month = dec,
doi = "10.1038/s43247-023-01118-4",
language = "English",
volume = "4",
journal = "Communications Earth and Environment",
issn = "2662-4435",
publisher = "Springer Nature",
number = "1",
}