TY - JOUR
T1 - The Impact of Relational Adverse Childhood Experiences on Suicide Outcomes During Early and Young Adulthood
AU - Pournaghash-Tehrani, Seyed Said
AU - Zamanian, Hadi
AU - Amini-Tehrani, Mohammadali
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was a part of the master’s thesis in clinical psychology of the third author (A.T.M), briefly called suicidality-RP Factors in publications. The first (S.S.P.T) and second (H.Z) authors were the advisor and the supervisor master, respectively. Authors appreciate the participants in the project. We are also thankful to the Counseling Center of University of Tehran (http://counseling.ut.ac.ir/) for their supports and gifts provided to participants. The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship and/or publication of this article: This project was partially funded (#6009818) by the Research Committee of Promoting Students’ Mental Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Publisher Copyright:
© The Author(s) 2019.
PY - 2021/9
Y1 - 2021/9
N2 - This study aimed at investigating the degree to which relational adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) would affect suicide outcomes during early and young adulthood of Iranian female and male students. In all, 487 undergraduate students (59.2% females) with a mean age of 20.66 ± 1.42 were recruited using a multistage clustering sampling method from eight schools from the fields of humanities, engineering, and basic sciences. Suicide Behavior Questionnaire–Revised form (SBQ-R) was employed for assessing past year suicidal ideation (PYSI, once or more), the meaningful likelihood of future suicide (mLoFS, a score of 2 or more), and suicide risk (SR ≥7). Relational ACEs were assessed in the form of a yes/no question, including caregivers’ maltreatment, household relational dysfunction, family loss events, school events, and sexual abuse. Analyses were conducted using Fisher’s exact test, chi-square test, and univariate binary logistic regression. The rates of PYSI, LoFS, and SR were, respectively, 37.2%, 44.6%, and 30.8%. The most experienced event was witnessing verbal violence (68.8%) and the least was divorce/separation (6.2%). All the events and domains (except family loss events), the interaction of domains, and cumulative events significantly increased the odds of suicide outcomes, in which females were more affected by all types of relational ACEs. Students whose ethnicity was Azari & Turk and who were studying in humanities or basic sciences showed a higher suicide risk than their counterparts. The study showed that the rates of relational ACEs and suicide outcomes were remarkable, in Iran. Because of the detrimental effects of relational ACEs on suicidality, mostly for females, it is necessary to improve the initiatives promoting child protection and legal support for health professionals to address child abuse. There is also an urgent need for providing young students with supports and effective interventions.
AB - This study aimed at investigating the degree to which relational adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) would affect suicide outcomes during early and young adulthood of Iranian female and male students. In all, 487 undergraduate students (59.2% females) with a mean age of 20.66 ± 1.42 were recruited using a multistage clustering sampling method from eight schools from the fields of humanities, engineering, and basic sciences. Suicide Behavior Questionnaire–Revised form (SBQ-R) was employed for assessing past year suicidal ideation (PYSI, once or more), the meaningful likelihood of future suicide (mLoFS, a score of 2 or more), and suicide risk (SR ≥7). Relational ACEs were assessed in the form of a yes/no question, including caregivers’ maltreatment, household relational dysfunction, family loss events, school events, and sexual abuse. Analyses were conducted using Fisher’s exact test, chi-square test, and univariate binary logistic regression. The rates of PYSI, LoFS, and SR were, respectively, 37.2%, 44.6%, and 30.8%. The most experienced event was witnessing verbal violence (68.8%) and the least was divorce/separation (6.2%). All the events and domains (except family loss events), the interaction of domains, and cumulative events significantly increased the odds of suicide outcomes, in which females were more affected by all types of relational ACEs. Students whose ethnicity was Azari & Turk and who were studying in humanities or basic sciences showed a higher suicide risk than their counterparts. The study showed that the rates of relational ACEs and suicide outcomes were remarkable, in Iran. Because of the detrimental effects of relational ACEs on suicidality, mostly for females, it is necessary to improve the initiatives promoting child protection and legal support for health professionals to address child abuse. There is also an urgent need for providing young students with supports and effective interventions.
KW - child abuse
KW - children exposed to domestic violence
KW - domestic violence
KW - neglect
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85066856909&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1177/0886260519852160
DO - 10.1177/0886260519852160
M3 - Article
C2 - 31142213
AN - SCOPUS:85066856909
SN - 0886-2605
VL - 36
SP - 8627
EP - 8651
JO - Journal of Interpersonal Violence
JF - Journal of Interpersonal Violence
IS - 17-18
ER -
