The impact of digital image configuration on submarine periscope operator workload, situation awareness, meta-awareness and performance

Steph Michailovs; Zachary L. Howard; Stephen Pond; Troy Visser; Jason Bell; Gavin Pinniger; Jessica Irons; Megan Schmitt; Madison Fitzgerald; Matthew Stoker; Owen Carter; Sam Huf; Shayne Loft

doi:10.1016/j.cogsys.2022.09.001

The impact of digital image configuration on submarine periscope operator workload, situation awareness, meta-awareness and performance

Steph Michailovs, Zachary L. Howard, Stephen Pond, Troy Visser, Jason Bell, Gavin Pinniger, Jessica Irons, Megan Schmitt, Madison Fitzgerald, Matthew Stoker, Owen Carter, Sam Huf, Shayne Loft

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

6 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Submarine periscopes are moving from analog to digital, but there is a lack of empirical evidence regarding the relative advantages that different digital human–machine interface configurations might provide to the operator. We experimentally compared the effectiveness of two digital concepts for displaying and analysing periscope imagery during a simulated submarine mission. OPTIX modelled a traditional periscope by presenting a narrow (20° horizontal arc) rotating image of the horizon. OPTIMUS displayed the full 360° panoramic representation of the horizon and was augmented with digital analysis tools. OPTIMUS supported faster and more accurate performance by participants (N = 32) and lowered perceived workload, compared to when the same participants used OPTIX. However, time taken to respond to situation awareness queries and awareness of one's own performance (meta-awareness) was poorer when using OPTIMUS. OPTIMUS holds an advantage in that it can improve performance whilst reducing workload, but the SA and meta-awareness decrements are potentially problematic.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	13-25
Number of pages	13
Journal	Cognitive Systems Research
Volume	76
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2022.09.001
Publication status	Published - Dec 2022

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Michailovs, S., Howard, Z. L., Pond, S., Visser, T., Bell, J., Pinniger, G., Irons, J., Schmitt, M., Fitzgerald, M., Stoker, M., Carter, O., Huf, S., & Loft, S. (2022). The impact of digital image configuration on submarine periscope operator workload, situation awareness, meta-awareness and performance. Cognitive Systems Research, 76, 13-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2022.09.001

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title = "The impact of digital image configuration on submarine periscope operator workload, situation awareness, meta-awareness and performance",

abstract = "Submarine periscopes are moving from analog to digital, but there is a lack of empirical evidence regarding the relative advantages that different digital human–machine interface configurations might provide to the operator. We experimentally compared the effectiveness of two digital concepts for displaying and analysing periscope imagery during a simulated submarine mission. OPTIX modelled a traditional periscope by presenting a narrow (20° horizontal arc) rotating image of the horizon. OPTIMUS displayed the full 360° panoramic representation of the horizon and was augmented with digital analysis tools. OPTIMUS supported faster and more accurate performance by participants (N = 32) and lowered perceived workload, compared to when the same participants used OPTIX. However, time taken to respond to situation awareness queries and awareness of one's own performance (meta-awareness) was poorer when using OPTIMUS. OPTIMUS holds an advantage in that it can improve performance whilst reducing workload, but the SA and meta-awareness decrements are potentially problematic.",

keywords = "Human–machine interface, Periscope, Situation awareness, Submarines, Workload",

author = "Steph Michailovs and Howard, {Zachary L.} and Stephen Pond and Troy Visser and Jason Bell and Gavin Pinniger and Jessica Irons and Megan Schmitt and Madison Fitzgerald and Matthew Stoker and Owen Carter and Sam Huf and Shayne Loft",

note = "Funding Information: This research was supported by a Research Grant (MyIP 9277) from the Defence Science and Technology Group, Australia awarded to Loft, Michailovs, Visser, Bell, & Pinniger. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 Elsevier B.V.",

year = "2022",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1016/j.cogsys.2022.09.001",

language = "English",

volume = "76",

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Michailovs, S , Howard, ZL, Pond, S, Visser, T , Bell, J, Pinniger, G, Irons, J, Schmitt, M, Fitzgerald, M, Stoker, M, Carter, O, Huf, S & Loft, S 2022, 'The impact of digital image configuration on submarine periscope operator workload, situation awareness, meta-awareness and performance', Cognitive Systems Research, vol. 76, pp. 13-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2022.09.001

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T1 - The impact of digital image configuration on submarine periscope operator workload, situation awareness, meta-awareness and performance

AU - Michailovs, Steph

AU - Howard, Zachary L.

AU - Pond, Stephen

AU - Visser, Troy

AU - Bell, Jason

AU - Pinniger, Gavin

AU - Irons, Jessica

AU - Schmitt, Megan

AU - Fitzgerald, Madison

AU - Stoker, Matthew

AU - Carter, Owen

AU - Huf, Sam

AU - Loft, Shayne

N1 - Funding Information: This research was supported by a Research Grant (MyIP 9277) from the Defence Science and Technology Group, Australia awarded to Loft, Michailovs, Visser, Bell, & Pinniger. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 Elsevier B.V.

PY - 2022/12

Y1 - 2022/12

N2 - Submarine periscopes are moving from analog to digital, but there is a lack of empirical evidence regarding the relative advantages that different digital human–machine interface configurations might provide to the operator. We experimentally compared the effectiveness of two digital concepts for displaying and analysing periscope imagery during a simulated submarine mission. OPTIX modelled a traditional periscope by presenting a narrow (20° horizontal arc) rotating image of the horizon. OPTIMUS displayed the full 360° panoramic representation of the horizon and was augmented with digital analysis tools. OPTIMUS supported faster and more accurate performance by participants (N = 32) and lowered perceived workload, compared to when the same participants used OPTIX. However, time taken to respond to situation awareness queries and awareness of one's own performance (meta-awareness) was poorer when using OPTIMUS. OPTIMUS holds an advantage in that it can improve performance whilst reducing workload, but the SA and meta-awareness decrements are potentially problematic.

AB - Submarine periscopes are moving from analog to digital, but there is a lack of empirical evidence regarding the relative advantages that different digital human–machine interface configurations might provide to the operator. We experimentally compared the effectiveness of two digital concepts for displaying and analysing periscope imagery during a simulated submarine mission. OPTIX modelled a traditional periscope by presenting a narrow (20° horizontal arc) rotating image of the horizon. OPTIMUS displayed the full 360° panoramic representation of the horizon and was augmented with digital analysis tools. OPTIMUS supported faster and more accurate performance by participants (N = 32) and lowered perceived workload, compared to when the same participants used OPTIX. However, time taken to respond to situation awareness queries and awareness of one's own performance (meta-awareness) was poorer when using OPTIMUS. OPTIMUS holds an advantage in that it can improve performance whilst reducing workload, but the SA and meta-awareness decrements are potentially problematic.

KW - Human–machine interface

KW - Periscope

KW - Situation awareness

KW - Submarines

KW - Workload

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VL - 76

SP - 13

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JO - Cognitive Systems Research

JF - Cognitive Systems Research

ER -

The impact of digital image configuration on submarine periscope operator workload, situation awareness, meta-awareness and performance

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