TY - JOUR
T1 - The global distribution and environmental drivers of the soil antibiotic resistome
AU - Delgado-Baquerizo, Manuel
AU - Hu, Hang Wei
AU - Maestre, Fernando T.
AU - Guerra, Carlos A.
AU - Eisenhauer, Nico
AU - Eldridge, David J.
AU - Zhu, Yong Guan
AU - Chen, Qing Lin
AU - Trivedi, Pankaj
AU - Du, Shuai
AU - Makhalanyane, Thulani P.
AU - Verma, Jay Prakash
AU - Gozalo, Beatriz
AU - Ochoa, Victoria
AU - Asensio, Sergio
AU - Wang, Ling
AU - Zaady, Eli
AU - Illán, Javier G.
AU - Siebe, Christina
AU - Grebenc, Tine
AU - Zhou, Xiaobing
AU - Liu, Yu Rong
AU - Bamigboye, Adebola R.
AU - Blanco-Pastor, José L.
AU - Duran, Jorge
AU - Rodríguez, Alexandra
AU - Mamet, Steven
AU - Alfaro, Fernando
AU - Abades, Sebastian
AU - Teixido, Alberto L.
AU - Peñaloza-Bojacá, Gabriel F.
AU - Molina-Montenegro, Marco A.
AU - Torres-Díaz, Cristian
AU - Perez, Cecilia
AU - Gallardo, Antonio
AU - García-Velázquez, Laura
AU - Hayes, Patrick E.
AU - Neuhauser, Sigrid
AU - He, Ji Zheng
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank the researchers involved in the CLIMIFUN, MUSGONET, and BIODESERT projects for collection of field data and soil samples. We thank Drs. Cesar Plaza, Ana Rey, and Asunción de los Ríos for their valuable comments on a previous draft of our manuscript. We also thank Melissa Martin for revising the English of the manuscript and Dr. Felipe Bastida for his help with lab analyses. M. D. B. acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for the I+D+i project PID2020-115813RA-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. M. D. B. is also supported by a project of the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) and the Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades of the Junta de Andalucía (FEDER Andalucía 2014–2020 Objetivo temático “01 — Refuerzo de la investigación, el desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación”) associated with the research project P20_00879 (ANDABIOMA). J. P. V. acknowledges support from SERB (EEQ/2021/001083, SIR/2022/000626), DST (DST/INT/SL/P-31/2021), and Banaras Hindu University, IoE (6031) incentives grant for plant-microbe interaction and soil microbiome research.
Funding Information:
We thank the researchers involved in the CLIMIFUN, MUSGONET, and BIODESERT projects for collection of field data and soil samples. We thank Drs. Cesar Plaza, Ana Rey, and Asunción de los Ríos for their valuable comments on a previous draft of our manuscript. We also thank Melissa Martin for revising the English of the manuscript and Dr. Felipe Bastida for his help with lab analyses. M. D. B. acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for the I+D+i project PID2020-115813RA-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. M. D. B. is also supported by a project of the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) and the Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades of the Junta de Andalucía (FEDER Andalucía 2014–2020 Objetivo temático “01 — Refuerzo de la investigación, el desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación”) associated with the research project P20_00879 (ANDABIOMA). J. P. V. acknowledges support from SERB (EEQ/2021/001083, SIR/2022/000626), DST (DST/INT/SL/P-31/2021), and Banaras Hindu University, IoE (6031) incentives grant for plant-microbe interaction and soil microbiome research.
Funding Information:
This project received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement 702057 (CLIMIFUN), a Large Research Grant from the British Ecological Society (agreement no. LRA17\1193; MUSGONET), and from the European Research Council (ERC grant agreement no. 647038, BIODESERT). M. D. B. was also supported by a Ramón y Cajal grant (RYC2018-025483-I). M.D-B. also acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for the I+D+i project PID2020-115813RA-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. M.D-B. is also supported by a project of the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) and the Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades of the Junta de Andalucía (FEDER Andalucía 2014-2020 Objetivo temático “01 - Refuerzo de la investigación, el desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación”) associated with the research project P20_00879 (ANDABIOMA). FTM acknowledges support from Generalitat Valenciana (CIDEGENT/2018/041). J. Z. H and H. W. H. are financially supported by Australian Research Council (DP210100332). We also thank the project CTM2015-64728-C2-2-R from the Ministry of Science of Spain. C. A. G. and N. E. acknowledge funding by the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, funded by the German Research Foundation (FZT 118). TG was financially supported by Slovenian Research Agency (P4-0107, J4-3098 and J4-4547).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s).
PY - 2022/12
Y1 - 2022/12
N2 - Background: Little is known about the global distribution and environmental drivers of key microbial functional traits such as antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Soils are one of Earth’s largest reservoirs of ARGs, which are integral for soil microbial competition, and have potential implications for plant and human health. Yet, their diversity and global patterns remain poorly described. Here, we analyzed 285 ARGs in soils from 1012 sites across all continents and created the first global atlas with the distributions of topsoil ARGs. Results: We show that ARGs peaked in high latitude cold and boreal forests. Climatic seasonality and mobile genetic elements, associated with the transmission of antibiotic resistance, were also key drivers of their global distribution. Dominant ARGs were mainly related to multidrug resistance genes and efflux pump machineries. We further pinpointed the global hotspots of the diversity and proportions of soil ARGs. Conclusions: Together, our work provides the foundation for a better understanding of the ecology and global distribution of the environmental soil antibiotic resistome.
AB - Background: Little is known about the global distribution and environmental drivers of key microbial functional traits such as antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Soils are one of Earth’s largest reservoirs of ARGs, which are integral for soil microbial competition, and have potential implications for plant and human health. Yet, their diversity and global patterns remain poorly described. Here, we analyzed 285 ARGs in soils from 1012 sites across all continents and created the first global atlas with the distributions of topsoil ARGs. Results: We show that ARGs peaked in high latitude cold and boreal forests. Climatic seasonality and mobile genetic elements, associated with the transmission of antibiotic resistance, were also key drivers of their global distribution. Dominant ARGs were mainly related to multidrug resistance genes and efflux pump machineries. We further pinpointed the global hotspots of the diversity and proportions of soil ARGs. Conclusions: Together, our work provides the foundation for a better understanding of the ecology and global distribution of the environmental soil antibiotic resistome.
KW - Antibiotic resistance
KW - Global change
KW - Global scale
KW - Human health
KW - Mobile genetic elements
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85143804165&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1186/s40168-022-01405-w
DO - 10.1186/s40168-022-01405-w
M3 - Article
C2 - 36503688
AN - SCOPUS:85143804165
VL - 10
JO - Microbiome
JF - Microbiome
SN - 2049-2618
IS - 1
M1 - 219
ER -
