The genome of the African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei

M Berriman; E Ghedin; C Hertz-Fowler; G Blandin; H Renauld; DC Bartholomeu; NJ Lennard; E Caler; NE Hamlin; B Haas; W Bohme; L Hannick; MA Aslett; J Shallom; L Marcello; LH Hou; B Wickstead; UCM Alsmark; C Arrowsmith; RJ Atkin; AJ Barron; F Bringaud; K Brooks; M Carrington; I Cherevach; TJ Chillingworth; C Churcher; LN Clark; CH Corton; A Cronin; RM Davies; J Doggett; A Djikeng; T Feldblyum; MC Field; A Fraser; I Goodhead; Z Hance; D Harper; BR Harris; H Hauser; J Hostetter; A Ivens; K Jagels; D Johnson; J Johnson; K Jones; AX Kerhornou; H Koo; N Larke; S Landfear; C Larkin; V Leech; A Line; A Lord; A Macleod; PJ Mooney; S Moule; DMA Martin; GW Morgan; K Mungall; H Norbertczak; D Ormond; G Pai; Christopher Peacock; J Peterson; MA Quail; E Rabbinowitsch; MA Rajandream; C Reitter; SL Salzberg; M Sanders; S Schobel; S Sharp; M Simmonds; AJ Simpson; L Talton; CMR Turner; A Tait; AR Tivey; S Van Aken; D Walker; D Wanless; SL Wang; B White; O White; S Whitehead; J Woodward; J Wortman; MD Adams; TM Embley; K Gull; E Ullu; JD Barry; AH Fairlamb; F Opperdoes; BG Barret; JE Donelson; N Hall; CM Fraser; SE Melville; NM El-Sayed

doi:10.1126/science.1112642

The genome of the African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei

M Berriman, E Ghedin, C Hertz-Fowler, G Blandin, H Renauld, DC Bartholomeu, NJ Lennard, E Caler, NE Hamlin, B Haas, W Bohme, L Hannick, MA Aslett, J Shallom, L Marcello, LH Hou, B Wickstead, UCM Alsmark, C Arrowsmith, RJ AtkinAJ Barron, F Bringaud, K Brooks, M Carrington, I Cherevach, TJ Chillingworth, C Churcher, LN Clark, CH Corton, A Cronin, RM Davies, J Doggett, A Djikeng, T Feldblyum, MC Field, A Fraser, I Goodhead, Z Hance, D Harper, BR Harris, H Hauser, J Hostetter, A Ivens, K Jagels, D Johnson, J Johnson, K Jones, AX Kerhornou, H Koo, N Larke, S Landfear, C Larkin, V Leech, A Line, A Lord, A Macleod, PJ Mooney, S Moule, DMA Martin, GW Morgan, K Mungall, H Norbertczak, D Ormond, G Pai, Christopher Peacock, J Peterson, MA Quail, E Rabbinowitsch, MA Rajandream, C Reitter, SL Salzberg, M Sanders, S Schobel, S Sharp, M Simmonds, AJ Simpson, L Talton, CMR Turner, A Tait, AR Tivey, S Van Aken, D Walker, D Wanless, SL Wang, B White, O White, S Whitehead, J Woodward, J Wortman, MD Adams, TM Embley, K Gull, E Ullu, JD Barry, AH Fairlamb, F Opperdoes, BG Barret, JE Donelson, N Hall, CM Fraser, SE Melville, NM El-Sayed

Marshall Centre

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1353 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

African trypanosomes cause human sleeping sickness and livestock trypanosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa. We present the sequence and analysis of the 11 megabase-sized chromosomes of Trypanosoma brucei. The 26-megabase genome contains 9068 predicted genes, including similar to 900 pseudogenes and similar to 1700 T. brucei-specific genes. Large subteiomeric arrays contain an archive of 806 variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) genes used by the parasite to evade the mammalian immune system. Most VSG genes are pseudogenes, which may be used to generate expressed mosaic genes by ectopic recombination. Comparisons of the cytoskeleton and endocytic trafficking systems with those of humans and other eukaryotic organisms reveal major differences. A comparison of metabolic pathways encoded by the genomes; of T. brucei, T. cruzi, and Leishmania major reveals the least overall metabolic capability in T. brucei and the greatest in L. major. Horizontal transfer of genes of, bacterial. origin has contributed to some of the metabolic differences in these, parasites, and a number of novel potential drug targets have been identified.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	416-422
Journal	Science
Volume	309
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1112642
Publication status	Published - 2005

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10.1126/science.1112642

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Berriman, M., Ghedin, E., Hertz-Fowler, C., Blandin, G., Renauld, H., Bartholomeu, DC., Lennard, NJ., Caler, E., Hamlin, NE., Haas, B., Bohme, W., Hannick, L., Aslett, MA., Shallom, J., Marcello, L., Hou, LH., Wickstead, B., Alsmark, UCM., Arrowsmith, C., ... El-Sayed, NM. (2005). The genome of the African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei. Science, 309, 416-422. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1112642

@article{425b1bda85194667a86a407fdb6db9e9,

title = "The genome of the African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei",

abstract = "African trypanosomes cause human sleeping sickness and livestock trypanosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa. We present the sequence and analysis of the 11 megabase-sized chromosomes of Trypanosoma brucei. The 26-megabase genome contains 9068 predicted genes, including similar to 900 pseudogenes and similar to 1700 T. brucei-specific genes. Large subteiomeric arrays contain an archive of 806 variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) genes used by the parasite to evade the mammalian immune system. Most VSG genes are pseudogenes, which may be used to generate expressed mosaic genes by ectopic recombination. Comparisons of the cytoskeleton and endocytic trafficking systems with those of humans and other eukaryotic organisms reveal major differences. A comparison of metabolic pathways encoded by the genomes; of T. brucei, T. cruzi, and Leishmania major reveals the least overall metabolic capability in T. brucei and the greatest in L. major. Horizontal transfer of genes of, bacterial. origin has contributed to some of the metabolic differences in these, parasites, and a number of novel potential drug targets have been identified.",

author = "M Berriman and E Ghedin and C Hertz-Fowler and G Blandin and H Renauld and DC Bartholomeu and NJ Lennard and E Caler and NE Hamlin and B Haas and W Bohme and L Hannick and MA Aslett and J Shallom and L Marcello and LH Hou and B Wickstead and UCM Alsmark and C Arrowsmith and RJ Atkin and AJ Barron and F Bringaud and K Brooks and M Carrington and I Cherevach and TJ Chillingworth and C Churcher and LN Clark and CH Corton and A Cronin and RM Davies and J Doggett and A Djikeng and T Feldblyum and MC Field and A Fraser and I Goodhead and Z Hance and D Harper and BR Harris and H Hauser and J Hostetter and A Ivens and K Jagels and D Johnson and J Johnson and K Jones and AX Kerhornou and H Koo and N Larke and S Landfear and C Larkin and V Leech and A Line and A Lord and A Macleod and PJ Mooney and S Moule and DMA Martin and GW Morgan and K Mungall and H Norbertczak and D Ormond and G Pai and Christopher Peacock and J Peterson and MA Quail and E Rabbinowitsch and MA Rajandream and C Reitter and SL Salzberg and M Sanders and S Schobel and S Sharp and M Simmonds and AJ Simpson and L Talton and CMR Turner and A Tait and AR Tivey and {Van Aken}, S and D Walker and D Wanless and SL Wang and B White and O White and S Whitehead and J Woodward and J Wortman and MD Adams and TM Embley and K Gull and E Ullu and JD Barry and AH Fairlamb and F Opperdoes and BG Barret and JE Donelson and N Hall and CM Fraser and SE Melville and NM El-Sayed",

year = "2005",

doi = "10.1126/science.1112642",

language = "English",

volume = "309",

pages = "416--422",

journal = "Science",

issn = "0036-8075",

publisher = "AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE",

}

Berriman, M, Ghedin, E, Hertz-Fowler, C, Blandin, G, Renauld, H, Bartholomeu, DC, Lennard, NJ, Caler, E, Hamlin, NE, Haas, B, Bohme, W, Hannick, L, Aslett, MA, Shallom, J, Marcello, L, Hou, LH, Wickstead, B, Alsmark, UCM, Arrowsmith, C, Atkin, RJ, Barron, AJ, Bringaud, F, Brooks, K, Carrington, M, Cherevach, I, Chillingworth, TJ, Churcher, C, Clark, LN, Corton, CH, Cronin, A, Davies, RM, Doggett, J, Djikeng, A, Feldblyum, T, Field, MC, Fraser, A, Goodhead, I, Hance, Z, Harper, D, Harris, BR, Hauser, H, Hostetter, J, Ivens, A, Jagels, K, Johnson, D, Johnson, J, Jones, K, Kerhornou, AX, Koo, H, Larke, N, Landfear, S, Larkin, C, Leech, V, Line, A, Lord, A, Macleod, A, Mooney, PJ, Moule, S, Martin, DMA, Morgan, GW, Mungall, K, Norbertczak, H, Ormond, D, Pai, G, Peacock, C, Peterson, J, Quail, MA, Rabbinowitsch, E, Rajandream, MA, Reitter, C, Salzberg, SL, Sanders, M, Schobel, S, Sharp, S, Simmonds, M, Simpson, AJ, Talton, L, Turner, CMR, Tait, A, Tivey, AR, Van Aken, S, Walker, D, Wanless, D, Wang, SL, White, B, White, O, Whitehead, S, Woodward, J, Wortman, J, Adams, MD, Embley, TM, Gull, K, Ullu, E, Barry, JD, Fairlamb, AH, Opperdoes, F, Barret, BG, Donelson, JE, Hall, N, Fraser, CM, Melville, SE & El-Sayed, NM 2005, 'The genome of the African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei', Science, vol. 309, pp. 416-422. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1112642

TY - JOUR

T1 - The genome of the African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei

AU - Berriman, M

AU - Ghedin, E

AU - Hertz-Fowler, C

AU - Blandin, G

AU - Renauld, H

AU - Bartholomeu, DC

AU - Lennard, NJ

AU - Caler, E

AU - Hamlin, NE

AU - Haas, B

AU - Bohme, W

AU - Hannick, L

AU - Aslett, MA

AU - Shallom, J

AU - Marcello, L

AU - Hou, LH

AU - Wickstead, B

AU - Alsmark, UCM

AU - Arrowsmith, C

AU - Atkin, RJ

AU - Barron, AJ

AU - Bringaud, F

AU - Brooks, K

AU - Carrington, M

AU - Cherevach, I

AU - Chillingworth, TJ

AU - Churcher, C

AU - Clark, LN

AU - Corton, CH

AU - Cronin, A

AU - Davies, RM

AU - Doggett, J

AU - Djikeng, A

AU - Feldblyum, T

AU - Field, MC

AU - Fraser, A

AU - Goodhead, I

AU - Hance, Z

AU - Harper, D

AU - Harris, BR

AU - Hauser, H

AU - Hostetter, J

AU - Ivens, A

AU - Jagels, K

AU - Johnson, D

AU - Johnson, J

AU - Jones, K

AU - Kerhornou, AX

AU - Koo, H

AU - Larke, N

AU - Landfear, S

AU - Larkin, C

AU - Leech, V

AU - Line, A

AU - Lord, A

AU - Macleod, A

AU - Mooney, PJ

AU - Moule, S

AU - Martin, DMA

AU - Morgan, GW

AU - Mungall, K

AU - Norbertczak, H

AU - Ormond, D

AU - Pai, G

AU - Peacock, Christopher

AU - Peterson, J

AU - Quail, MA

AU - Rabbinowitsch, E

AU - Rajandream, MA

AU - Reitter, C

AU - Salzberg, SL

AU - Sanders, M

AU - Schobel, S

AU - Sharp, S

AU - Simmonds, M

AU - Simpson, AJ

AU - Talton, L

AU - Turner, CMR

AU - Tait, A

AU - Tivey, AR

AU - Van Aken, S

AU - Walker, D

AU - Wanless, D

AU - Wang, SL

AU - White, B

AU - White, O

AU - Whitehead, S

AU - Woodward, J

AU - Wortman, J

AU - Adams, MD

AU - Embley, TM

AU - Gull, K

AU - Ullu, E

AU - Barry, JD

AU - Fairlamb, AH

AU - Opperdoes, F

AU - Barret, BG

AU - Donelson, JE

AU - Hall, N

AU - Fraser, CM

AU - Melville, SE

AU - El-Sayed, NM

PY - 2005

Y1 - 2005

N2 - African trypanosomes cause human sleeping sickness and livestock trypanosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa. We present the sequence and analysis of the 11 megabase-sized chromosomes of Trypanosoma brucei. The 26-megabase genome contains 9068 predicted genes, including similar to 900 pseudogenes and similar to 1700 T. brucei-specific genes. Large subteiomeric arrays contain an archive of 806 variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) genes used by the parasite to evade the mammalian immune system. Most VSG genes are pseudogenes, which may be used to generate expressed mosaic genes by ectopic recombination. Comparisons of the cytoskeleton and endocytic trafficking systems with those of humans and other eukaryotic organisms reveal major differences. A comparison of metabolic pathways encoded by the genomes; of T. brucei, T. cruzi, and Leishmania major reveals the least overall metabolic capability in T. brucei and the greatest in L. major. Horizontal transfer of genes of, bacterial. origin has contributed to some of the metabolic differences in these, parasites, and a number of novel potential drug targets have been identified.

AB - African trypanosomes cause human sleeping sickness and livestock trypanosomiasis in sub-Saharan Africa. We present the sequence and analysis of the 11 megabase-sized chromosomes of Trypanosoma brucei. The 26-megabase genome contains 9068 predicted genes, including similar to 900 pseudogenes and similar to 1700 T. brucei-specific genes. Large subteiomeric arrays contain an archive of 806 variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) genes used by the parasite to evade the mammalian immune system. Most VSG genes are pseudogenes, which may be used to generate expressed mosaic genes by ectopic recombination. Comparisons of the cytoskeleton and endocytic trafficking systems with those of humans and other eukaryotic organisms reveal major differences. A comparison of metabolic pathways encoded by the genomes; of T. brucei, T. cruzi, and Leishmania major reveals the least overall metabolic capability in T. brucei and the greatest in L. major. Horizontal transfer of genes of, bacterial. origin has contributed to some of the metabolic differences in these, parasites, and a number of novel potential drug targets have been identified.

U2 - 10.1126/science.1112642

DO - 10.1126/science.1112642

M3 - Article

SN - 0036-8075

VL - 309

SP - 416

EP - 422

JO - Science

JF - Science

ER -

The genome of the African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei

Abstract

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