T-Cell Expression and Release of Kidney Injury Molecule-1 in Response to Glucose Variations Initiates Kidney Injury in Early Diabetes

Josephine M Forbes, Domenica A McCarthy, Andrew J Kassianos, Tracey Baskerville, Amelia K Fotheringham, Kurt T K Giuliani, Anca Grivei, Andrew J Murphy, Michelle C Flynn, Mitchell A Sullivan, Preeti Chandrashekar, Rani Whiddett, Kristen J Radford, Nicole Flemming, Sam S Beard, Neisha D'Silva, Janelle Nisbet, Adam Morton, Stephanie Teasdale, Anthony RussellNicole Isbel, Jennifer Couper, Helen Healy, Mark Harris, Kim Donaghue, David W Johnson, Andrew Cotterill, Timothy Jones, Helen L Barrett, Trisha O'Moore-Sullivan

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9 Citations (Web of Science)

Abstract

Half of the mortality in diabetes is seen in individuals <50 years of age and commonly predicted by the early onset of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). In type 1 diabetes, increased urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) during adolescence defines this risk, but the pathological factors responsible remain unknown. We postulated that early in diabetes, glucose variations contribute to kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) release from circulating T cells, elevating uACR and DKD risk. DKD risk was assigned in youth with type 1 diabetes (n = 100; 20.0 ± 2.8 years; males/females, 54:46; HbA1c 66.1 [12.3] mmol/mol; diabetes duration 10.7 ± 5.2 years; and BMI 24.5 [5.3] kg/m2) and 10-year historical uACR, HbA1c, and random blood glucose concentrations collected retrospectively. Glucose fluctuations in the absence of diabetes were also compared with streptozotocin diabetes in apolipoprotein E-/- mice. Kidney biopsies were used to examine infiltration of KIM-1-expressing T cells in DKD and compared with other chronic kidney disease. Individuals at high risk for DKD had persistent elevations in uACR defined by area under the curve (AUC; uACRAUC0-10yrs, 29.7 ± 8.8 vs. 4.5 ± 0.5; P < 0.01 vs. low risk) and early kidney dysfunction, including ∼8.3 mL/min/1.73 m2 higher estimated glomerular filtration rates (modified Schwartz equation; Padj < 0.031 vs. low risk) and plasma KIM-1 concentrations (∼15% higher vs. low risk; P < 0.034). High-risk individuals had greater glycemic variability and increased peripheral blood T-cell KIM-1 expression, particularly on CD8+ T cells. These findings were confirmed in a murine model of glycemic variability both in the presence and absence of diabetes. KIM-1+ T cells were also infiltrating kidney biopsies from individuals with DKD. Healthy primary human proximal tubule epithelial cells exposed to plasma from high-risk youth with diabetes showed elevated collagen IV and sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 expression, alleviated with KIM-1 blockade. Taken together, these studies suggest that glycemic variations confer risk for DKD in diabetes via increased CD8+ T-cell production of KIM-1.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1754 - 1766
Number of pages13
JournalDiabetes
Volume70
Issue number8
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Aug 2021

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