Structural and kinetic analyses of the H121A mutant of cholesterol oxidase

L. Lim, G. Molla, N. Guinn, S. Ghisla, L. Pollegioni, Alice Vrielink

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24 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Cholesterol oxidase is a monomeric flavoenzyme that catalyses the oxidation of cholesterol to cholest-5-en-3-one followed by isomerization to cholest-4-en-3-one. The enzyme from Brevibacterium sterolicum contains the FAD cofactor covalently bound to His(121). it was previously demonstrated that the H121A substitution results in a approximate to 100 mV decrease in the midpoint redox potential and a approximate to 40-fold decrease in turnover number compared to wild-type enzyme [Motteran, Pilone, Molla, Ghisla and Pollegioni (2001) Journal of Biological Chemistry 276, 18024-18030]. A detailed kinetic analysis of the H121A mutant enzyme shows that the decrease in turnover number is largely due to a corresponding decrease in the rate constant of flavin reduction, whilst the reoxidation reaction is only marginally altered and the isomerization reaction is not affected by the substitution and precedes product dissociation. The X-ray structure of the mutant protein, determined to 1.7 angstrom resolution (1 angstrom equivalent to 0. 1 nm), reveals only minor changes in the overall fold of the protein, namely: two loops have slight movements and a tryptophan residue changes conformation by a rotation of 180 degrees about X, compared to the native enzyme. Comparison of the isoalloxazine ring moiety of the FAD cofactor between the structures of the native and mutant proteins shows a change from a non-planar to a planar geometry (resulting in a more tetrahedral-like geometry for N5). This change is proposed to be a major factor contributing to the observed alteration in redox potential. Since a similar distortion of the flavin has not been observed in other covalent flavoproteins, it is proposed to represent a specific mode to facilitate flavin reduction in covalent cholesterol oxidase.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)13-22
JournalBiochemical Journal
Volume400
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2006

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