@article{198293d34e03421ca554d484b1533a00,
title = "Soot particle morphology and nanostructure with oxygenated fuels: A comparative study into cold-start and hot-start operation",
abstract = "This study investigates the morphology and nanostructure of soot particles during cold-start and hot-start engine operation of a diesel engine using oxygenated fuels. The soot samples were analysed using transmission electron microscopy. The oxygen content in the fuel was varied between 0 and 12%. The results showed that the primary particles during cold-start have significantly smaller size when compared to hot-start engine operation. The addition of oxygenated fuels also resulted in smaller sized primary particles. Smaller radius of gyration and higher fractal dimension of soot aggregates during cold-start would mean smaller aggregate size with a more compact structure. Shorter fringes with a higher inter-fringe spacing for cold-start would mean lower graphitisation of soot particles that could be related to higher oxidation reactivity of soot particles.",
keywords = "Biodiesel, Cold-start, Diesel engine, Nanostructure, Soot morphology",
author = "Puneet Verma and Mohammad Jafari and Ali Zare and Edmund Pickering and Yi Guo and Osuagwu, {Chiemeriwo Godday} and Svetlana Stevanovic and Richard Brown and Zoran Ristovski",
note = "Funding Information: The present study could not be possible with technical and financial assistance by different personnel/funding agencies. The authors would like to acknowledge QUT for postgraduate research scholarship and Australian Research Council for Discovery Grant ( DP180102632 ). The assistance from Central Analytical Research Facility (CARF) staff in advising TEM image acquisition is acknowledged. Further the technical assistance in engine maintenance from Mr. Noel Hartnett is appreciated. The authors would also like to acknowledge Caltex Australia for generous donation of diesel fuel for experimental campaigns. Funding Information: The present study could not be possible with technical and financial assistance by different personnel/funding agencies. The authors would like to acknowledge QUT for postgraduate research scholarship and Australian Research Council for Discovery Grant (DP180102632). The assistance from Central Analytical Research Facility (CARF) staff in advising TEM image acquisition is acknowledged. Further the technical assistance in engine maintenance from Mr. Noel Hartnett is appreciated. The authors would also like to acknowledge Caltex Australia for generous donation of diesel fuel for experimental campaigns. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Elsevier Ltd",
year = "2021",
month = apr,
day = "15",
doi = "10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116592",
language = "English",
volume = "275",
journal = "Environmental Pollution",
issn = "0269-7491",
publisher = "Elsevier",
}