@article{26a0b10771c545909c132ee373080f2b,
title = "Search for tensor, vector, and scalar polarizations in the stochastic gravitational-wave background",
abstract = "The detection of gravitational waves with Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo has enabled novel tests of general relativity, including direct study of the polarization of gravitational waves. While general relativity allows for only two tensor gravitational-wave polarizations, general metric theories can additionally predict two vector and two scalar polarizations. The polarization of gravitational waves is encoded in the spectral shape of the stochastic gravitational-wave background, formed by the superposition of cosmological and individually unresolved astrophysical sources. Using data recorded by Advanced LIGO during its first observing run, we search for a stochastic background of generically polarized gravitational waves. We find no evidence for a background of any polarization, and place the first direct bounds on the contributions of vector and scalar polarizations to the stochastic background. Under log-uniform priors for the energy in each polarization, we limit the energy densities of tensor, vector, and scalar modes at 95% credibility to Ω0T",
author = "{LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaborations} and Abbott, {B. P.} and R. Abbott and Abbott, {T. D.} and F. Acernese and K. Ackley and C. Adams and T. Adams and P. Addesso and Adhikari, {R. X.} and Adya, {V. B.} and C. Affeldt and M. Afrough and B. Agarwal and M. Agathos and K. Agatsuma and N. Aggarwal and Aguiar, {O. D.} and L. Aiello and A. Ain and P. Ajith and B. Allen and G. Allen and A. Allocca and Altin, {P. A.} and A. Amato and A. Ananyeva and Anderson, {S. B.} and Anderson, {W. G.} and Angelova, {S. V.} and S. Antier and S. Appert and K. Arai and Araya, {M. C.} and Areeda, {J. S.} and N. Arnaud and S. Ascenzi and G. Ashton and M. Ast and Aston, {S. M.} and P. Astone and Atallah, {D. V.} and P. Aufmuth and C. Aulbert and K. Aultoneal and C. Austin and A. Avila-Alvarez and S. Babak and P. Bacon and Bader, {M. K.M.} and S. Bae and Baker, {P. T.} and F. Baldaccini and G. Ballardin and Ballmer, {S. W.} and S. Banagiri and Barayoga, {J. C.} and Barclay, {S. E.} and Barish, {B. C.} and D. Barker and K. Barkett and F. Barone and B. Barr and L. Barsotti and M. Barsuglia and D. Barta and J. Bartlett and I. Bartos and R. Bassiri and A. Basti and Batch, {J. C.} and M. Bawaj and Bayley, {J. C.} and M. Bazzan and B. B{\'e}csy and C. Beer and M. Bejger and I. Belahcene and Bell, {A. S.} and Berger, {B. K.} and G. Bergmann and Bero, {J. J.} and Berry, {C. P.L.} and D. Bersanetti and A. Bertolini and J. Betzwieser and S. Bhagwat and R. Bhandare and Bilenko, {I. A.} and G. Billingsley and Billman, {C. R.} and J. Birch and R. Birney and O. Birnholtz and S. Biscans and S. Biscoveanu and A. Bisht and M. Bitossi and C. Biwer and Bizouard, {M. A.} and Blackburn, {J. K.} and J. Blackman and Blair, {C. D.} and Blair, {D. G.} and Blair, {R. M.} and S. Bloemen and O. Bock and N. Bode and M. Boer and G. Bogaert and A. Bohe and F. Bondu and E. Bonilla and R. Bonnand and Boom, {B. A.} and R. Bork and V. Boschi and S. Bose and K. Bossie and Y. Bouffanais and A. Bozzi and C. Bradaschia and Brady, {P. R.} and M. Branchesi and Brau, {J. E.} and T. Briant and A. Brillet and Brooks, {A. F.} and Brown, {D. D.} and H. Cao and M. Chan and Chen, {H. Y.} and X. Chen and Cheng, {H. P.} and H. Chia and Q. Chu and Chua, {A. J.K.} and Chung, {A. K.W.} and S. Chung and Clark, {J. A.} and Cooper, {S. J.} and Coward, {D. M.} and A. Cumming and L. Cunningham and Danilishin, {S. L.} and M. Evans and Evans, {T. M.} and Farr, {W. M.} and Ganija, {M. R.} and D. George and J. George and L. Glover and S. Gras and C. Gray and Green, {A. C.} and Hamilton, {E. Z.} and G. Hammond and Hart, {M. J.} and Heng, {I. S.} and Howell, {E. J.} and Hu, {Y. M.} and Johnson, {W. W.} and Jones, {D. I.} and R. Jones and L. Ju and G. Kang and R. Kennedy and Key, {J. S.} and S. Khan and Chunglee Kim and K. Kim and Kim, {Y. M.} and King, {E. J.} and King, {P. J.} and S. Kumar and S. Kwang and Lai, {K. H.} and J. Lange and Lee, {C. H.} and K. Lee and Li, {T. G.F.} and J. Liu and R. Lynch and Y. Ma and N. Man and Martin, {R. M.} and K. Mason and McGuire, {S. C.} and G. McIntyre and H. Miao and Miller, {A. L.} and Miller, {B. B.} and J. Miller and S. Mitra and Moore, {C. J.} and S. Mukherjee and Murray, {P. G.} and Ng, {K. K.Y.} and Nguyen, {T. T.} and Ottaway, {D. J.} and Page, {M. A.} and J. Powell and S. Reid and W. Ren and Robertson, {N. A.} and Ross, {M. P.} and Savage, {R. L.} and J. Scott and Smith, {J. R.} and Smith, {R. J.E.} and Spencer, {A. P.} and Stevenson, {S. P.} and R. Stone and Strigin, {S. E.} and L. Sun and C. Talbot and Taylor, {J. A.} and R. Taylor and Thomas, {E. G.} and M. Thomas and M. Tse and {Van Heijningen}, {J. V.} and Vine, {D. J.} and Vyatchanin, {S. P.} and S. Walsh and H. Wang and Wang, {J. Z.} and Wang, {W. H.} and Wang, {Y. F.} and Ward, {R. L.} and Weinstein, {A. J.} and R. Weiss and L. Wen and Whelan, {J. T.} and D. Williams and Williams, {R. D.} and Williamson, {A. R.} and Willis, {J. L.} and Wong, {K. W.K.} and Wright, {J. L.} and S. Xiao and Yap, {M. J.} and Hang Yu and L. Zhang and M. Zhang and T. Zhang and Zhang, {Y. H.} and C. Zhao and M. Zhou and Z. Zhou and Zhu, {X. J.}",
year = "2018",
month = may,
day = "16",
doi = "10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.201102",
language = "English",
volume = "120",
journal = "Physical Review Letters",
issn = "0031-9007",
publisher = "American Physical Society",
number = "20",
}