TY - JOUR
T1 - Scaffolds for 3D Cell Culture and Cellular Agriculture Applications Derived From Non-animal Sources
AU - Campuzano, Santiago
AU - Pelling, Andrew E.
PY - 2019/5/17
Y1 - 2019/5/17
N2 - For decades, two-dimensional cell culture has been regarded as a major tool in cellular and molecular biology due to its simplicity, reproducibility and reliable nature. However, it is now recognized that 2D cell culture underrepresents the in vivo environment of living cells. The development and use of 3D scaffolds and biomaterials provide researchers an ability to more closely mimic the in vivo environment. However, many biomaterials are of animal origin, leading to variability, environmental and ethical concerns. Here we present three animal-free scaffolds: decellularized plant tissue, chitin/chitosan and recombinant collagen. Decellularized plant tissue provides a wide array of structures with varying biochemical, topographical and mechanical properties; chitin/chitosan-based scaffolds have shown synergistic bactericidal effects and improved cell-matrix interaction; and lastly, recombinant collagen has the potential to closely resemble native tissue, as opposed to the other two. These benefits, alongside potential scalability and tunability, open the door to applications beyond the biomedical realm, such as innovations in cellular agriculture and future food technologies.
AB - For decades, two-dimensional cell culture has been regarded as a major tool in cellular and molecular biology due to its simplicity, reproducibility and reliable nature. However, it is now recognized that 2D cell culture underrepresents the in vivo environment of living cells. The development and use of 3D scaffolds and biomaterials provide researchers an ability to more closely mimic the in vivo environment. However, many biomaterials are of animal origin, leading to variability, environmental and ethical concerns. Here we present three animal-free scaffolds: decellularized plant tissue, chitin/chitosan and recombinant collagen. Decellularized plant tissue provides a wide array of structures with varying biochemical, topographical and mechanical properties; chitin/chitosan-based scaffolds have shown synergistic bactericidal effects and improved cell-matrix interaction; and lastly, recombinant collagen has the potential to closely resemble native tissue, as opposed to the other two. These benefits, alongside potential scalability and tunability, open the door to applications beyond the biomedical realm, such as innovations in cellular agriculture and future food technologies.
KW - 3D cell culture
KW - animal-free
KW - cellulose
KW - chitin
KW - chitosan
KW - recombinant proteins
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85077631138&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fsufs.2019.00038
DO - 10.3389/fsufs.2019.00038
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85077631138
VL - 3
JO - Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems
JF - Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems
SN - 2571-581X
M1 - 38
ER -