TY - JOUR
T1 - Regulation of antimicrobial activity and xenocoumacins biosynthesis by pH in Xenorhabdus nematophila
AU - Guo, Shuqi
AU - Zhang, Shujing
AU - Fang, Xiangling
AU - Liu, Qi
AU - Gao, Jiangtao
AU - Bilal, Muhammad
AU - Wang, Yonghong
AU - Zhang, Xing
PY - 2017/11/15
Y1 - 2017/11/15
N2 - Background: Xenocoumacin 1 (Xcn1) and Xenocoumacin 2 (Xcn2) are the main antimicrobial compounds produced by Xenorhabdus nematophila. Culture conditions, including pH, had remarkably distinct effects on the antimicrobial activity of X. nematophila. However, the regulatory mechanism of pH on the antimicrobial activity and antibiotic production of this bacterium is still lacking.Results: With the increase of initial pH, the antimicrobial activity of X. nematophila YL001 was improved. The levels of Xcn1 and nematophin at pH 8.5 were significantly (P <0.05) higher than that at pH 5.5 and 7.0. In addition, the expression of xcnA-L, which are responsible for the production of Xcn1 was increased and the expression of xcnMN, which are required for the conversion of Xcn1 to Xcn2 was reduced at pH 8.5. Also, the expression of ompR and cpxR were decreased at pH 8.5.Conclusion: The alkaline pH environment was found to be beneficial for the production of Xcn1 and nematophin, which in turn led to high antimicrobial activity of X. nematophila at pH 8.5.
AB - Background: Xenocoumacin 1 (Xcn1) and Xenocoumacin 2 (Xcn2) are the main antimicrobial compounds produced by Xenorhabdus nematophila. Culture conditions, including pH, had remarkably distinct effects on the antimicrobial activity of X. nematophila. However, the regulatory mechanism of pH on the antimicrobial activity and antibiotic production of this bacterium is still lacking.Results: With the increase of initial pH, the antimicrobial activity of X. nematophila YL001 was improved. The levels of Xcn1 and nematophin at pH 8.5 were significantly (P <0.05) higher than that at pH 5.5 and 7.0. In addition, the expression of xcnA-L, which are responsible for the production of Xcn1 was increased and the expression of xcnMN, which are required for the conversion of Xcn1 to Xcn2 was reduced at pH 8.5. Also, the expression of ompR and cpxR were decreased at pH 8.5.Conclusion: The alkaline pH environment was found to be beneficial for the production of Xcn1 and nematophin, which in turn led to high antimicrobial activity of X. nematophila at pH 8.5.
KW - Xenorhabdus nematophila YL001
KW - pH
KW - Antibiotic production
KW - Antimicrobial activity
KW - Biological control
KW - ENVELOPE STRESS-RESPONSE
KW - ANTIBIOTIC PRODUCTION
KW - FAMILY ENTEROBACTERIACEAE
KW - ENTOMOPATHOGENIC BACTERIA
KW - PHOTORHABDUS-LUMINESCENS
KW - PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
KW - NEMATODES
KW - IDENTIFICATION
KW - METABOLITES
KW - GENUS
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85034013661&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1186/s12934-017-0813-7
DO - 10.1186/s12934-017-0813-7
M3 - Article
C2 - 29141647
SN - 1475-2859
VL - 16
JO - Microbial Cell Factories
JF - Microbial Cell Factories
IS - 1
M1 - 203
ER -