TY - JOUR
T1 - Recognizing the groundwater related to chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology by humic-like organic matter
AU - Zeng, Xianjiang
AU - He, Wei
AU - Guo, Huaming
AU - Shi, Qiutong
AU - Zheng, Yaxin
AU - Vithanage, Meththika
AU - Hur, Jin
N1 - Funding Information:
The study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant Nos. 41861144027 and 41825017), 111 project (No. B20010). Sampling in Sri Lanka was supported by National Science Foundation grant No. ICRP/NSF-NSFC/2019/BS/01.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s).
PY - 2022/12
Y1 - 2022/12
N2 - Chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) becomes a health concern in developing countries. It is urgent to recognize CKDu-related groundwater in CKDu-prevalent areas. Here, spectral indices showed that DOM from CKDu groundwater was characterized by higher molecular weight, stronger exogenous feature, and greater degree of humification and unsaturation than from non-CKDu groundwater. Parallel factor analysis of fluorescence spectra showed that DOM from CKDu groundwater contained significantly more humic-like substances (C1%) and less protein-like substances than from non-CKDu groundwater. Furthermore, C1% was correlated with concentrations of inorganic chemicals associated with CKDu, indicating the feasibility of using C1% for probing CKDu groundwater. According to our self-developed method, both the non-CKDu probability of groundwater with C1% less than the recognizing threshold (RT, 28.8%) and the CKDu probability of groundwater with C1% larger than RT are 70.1%. This indicates that the C1%-based method is a feasible tool for recognizing CKDu groundwater.
AB - Chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) becomes a health concern in developing countries. It is urgent to recognize CKDu-related groundwater in CKDu-prevalent areas. Here, spectral indices showed that DOM from CKDu groundwater was characterized by higher molecular weight, stronger exogenous feature, and greater degree of humification and unsaturation than from non-CKDu groundwater. Parallel factor analysis of fluorescence spectra showed that DOM from CKDu groundwater contained significantly more humic-like substances (C1%) and less protein-like substances than from non-CKDu groundwater. Furthermore, C1% was correlated with concentrations of inorganic chemicals associated with CKDu, indicating the feasibility of using C1% for probing CKDu groundwater. According to our self-developed method, both the non-CKDu probability of groundwater with C1% less than the recognizing threshold (RT, 28.8%) and the CKDu probability of groundwater with C1% larger than RT are 70.1%. This indicates that the C1%-based method is a feasible tool for recognizing CKDu groundwater.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85126206136&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1038/s41545-022-00151-8
DO - 10.1038/s41545-022-00151-8
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85126206136
SN - 2059-7037
VL - 5
JO - npj Clean Water
JF - npj Clean Water
IS - 1
M1 - 8
ER -