Public health and geological processes: An overview of a fundamental relationship

The health of human populations is highly dependent on a range of environmental determinants, including those relating to geologic materials and processes on our planet (Fig. 2.1). There is a clear continuum of geochemical cycles and pathways for uptake of elements into plants, animals and humans. Indeed, the optimal functioning of the human body itself is reliant upon the maintenance of an appropriate balance of elements and minerals. The discipline of medical geology can assist in the elucidation and management of many public health issues, ranging from the effects of exposure to or deficiencies of trace elements and minerals in the diet, to the transportation, modification and concentration of natural compounds in the soil, atmosphere and water sources.