@article{a1b4cdfba7074325850f19b1803be468,
title = "Prenatal tobacco and alcohol exposures and the risk of anxiety symptoms in young adulthood: A population-based cohort study",
abstract = "Background: Epidemiological studies have linked prenatal tobacco and alcohol exposures to internalizing behaviours in children and adolescents with inconsistent findings. Dearth of epidemiological studies have investigated the associations with the risk of experiencing symptoms of anxiety in young adulthood. Methods: Study participants (N = 1190) were from the Raine Study, a population-based prospective birth cohort based in Perth, Western Australia. Data on prenatal tobacco and alcohol exposures were available for the first and third trimesters of pregnancy. Experiencing symptoms of anxiety in young adulthood at age 20 years was measured by a short form of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS 21). Relative risk (RR) of experiencing symptoms of anxiety in young adulthood for prenatal tobacco and alcohol exposures were estimated with log binomial regression. Results: After adjusting for potential confounders, we observed increased risks of experiencing symptoms of anxiety in young adults exposed to prenatal tobacco in the first trimester [RR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.12–2.06, p-value < 0.01] and third trimester [RR = 1.53, 95% CI: 1.10–2.13, p-value = 0.02]. However, we found insufficient statistical evidence for an association between first trimester [RR = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.76–1.22, p-value = 0.90] and third trimester [RR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.80–1.34, p-value = 0.91] prenatal exposure to alcohol and the risk of experiencing symptoms of anxiety in young adults. There was a dose response association between prenatal tobacco exposure and increasing anxiety symptoms in offspring. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that an association between prenatal tobacco exposure and risk of anxiety symptoms remains apparent into young adulthood.",
keywords = "Alcohol, Anxiety symptoms, Pregnancy, The Raine Study, Tobacco, Young adulthood",
author = "Bereket Duko and Gavin Pereira and Tait, {Robert J.} and Kim Betts and John Newnham and Rosa Alati",
note = "Funding Information: We would like to acknowledge the Raine Study participants and their families for their ongoing participation in the study and the Raine Study team for cohort co-ordination and data collection. We also thank the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) for their long-term contribution to funding the study over the last 30 years. The core management of the Raine Study is funded by the University of Western Australia , Curtin University , Telethon Kids Institute , Women and Infants Research Foundation , Edith Cowan University , Murdoch University , the University of Notre Dame Australia and the Raine Medical Research Foundation . Bereket Duko is a recipient of Curtin University International Postgraduate Research Scholarship (CIPRS) and the Raine Study PhD Top-Up Scholarship. Gavin Pereira was funded by NHMRC grants# 1099655 and 1173991 , and the Research Council of Norway through Centre of Excellence , grant # 262700 . The funders had no role in the data collection, study design, the analysis, interpretations of the results, writing the reports and the decision to submit the paper for possible publication. Funding Information: We would like to acknowledge the Raine Study participants and their families for their ongoing participation in the study and the Raine Study team for cohort co-ordination and data collection. We also thank the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) for their long-term contribution to funding the study over the last 30 years. The core management of the Raine Study is funded by the University of Western Australia, Curtin University, Telethon Kids Institute, Women and Infants Research Foundation, Edith Cowan University, Murdoch University, the University of Notre Dame Australia and the Raine Medical Research Foundation. Bereket Duko is a recipient of Curtin University International Postgraduate Research Scholarship (CIPRS) and the Raine Study PhD Top-Up Scholarship. Gavin Pereira was funded by NHMRC grants# 1099655 and 1173991, and the Research Council of Norway through Centre of Excellence, grant #262700. The funders had no role in the data collection, study design, the analysis, interpretations of the results, writing the reports and the decision to submit the paper for possible publication. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 Elsevier B.V.",
year = "2022",
month = apr,
doi = "10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114466",
language = "English",
volume = "310",
journal = "Psychiatry Research",
issn = "0165-1781",
publisher = "Elsevier",
}