Parametric Instabilities and Their Control in Advanced Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Detectors

A detailed simulation of Advanced LIGO test mass optical cavities shows that parametric instabilities will excite 7 acoustic modes in each fused silica test mass, with parametric gain R up to 7 and only 1 acoustic mode with R similar to 2 for alternative sapphire test masses. Fine-tuning of the test mass radii of curvature causes the instabilities to sweep through various modes with R as high as similar to 2000. Sapphire test mass cavities can be tuned to completely eliminate instabilities using thermal g-factor tuning. In the case of fused silica test mass, instabilities can be minimized but not eliminated.