NLO Properties of Metallabenzene-Based Chromophores: A Time-Dependent Density Functional Study

The static and dynamic first hyperpolarizabilities for a series of substituted metallabenzene-based nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophores were determined by time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). The electronic excitation contributions to the first hyperpolarizability are rationalized in terms of the two-level model. The effects on the hyperpolarizabilities of (a) the metal center (Os, Ir, Pt); (b) the ligand environment (PH3, CO, Cl); (c) various donor and acceptor substituents (NH2, OH, Me, H, Cl, Br, I, COOMe, COOH, CN, NO2); and (d) the length of π-conjugation were studied. Our calculations predict that metallabenzenes have significant second-order NLO susceptibilities, ranging from = 1.0 × 10-29 to 5.6 × 10-28 esu and from μ = 3.0 × 10-47 to 1.1 × 10-44 esu, that can be tuned by changing the metal center and/or ligand environment.