Next-Generation conservation genetics of whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) using novel molecular techniques

This thesis integrates temporal genomics and novel environmental DNA (eDNA) methodologies to study genetic diversity, population structure, and demographic trends of endangered whale sharks at the Ningaloo Coast World Heritage Site. To overcome logistical and ethical challenges of long-term genetic monitoring through invasive sampling, a microhaplotype-based eDNA approach was developed and successfully applied to whale sharks on the field. This enabled accurate individual genotyping, estimation of genetic diversity, and contributor abundance from seawater samples. This framework offers scalable, non-invasive tools for conservation genetic monitoring of marine megafauna and other aquatic species.