Abstract
Electric vehicles (EVs) offer several significant potential economic, social and environmental benefits - reductions in the transport sector’s current very heavy reliance on petroleum-based fuels, improvements in urban air quality and reductions in transport sector greenhouse gas emissions. The batteries of electric vehicles, however, need to be recharged and electrification of transport systems will increase electricity loads, which could potentially place stress on some electricity distribution systems. The actual impacts of EV recharging on local distribution systems will depend on a number of factors and on the timing of the recharging events in particular. The results of the several studies have attempted to assess the potential impacts that EV recharging will have on local distribution networks suggest that coordinated managed charging of EV demand could actually have a significantly positive impact on distribution system reliability.
Predicting the potential impacts of EV recharging on electricity grids, however, is made more difficult as this transition to EVs coincides with changes in the electricity supply systems that include increased adoption of energy efficiency and increased reliance on distributed or embedded electricity generation connected to the low voltage networks. These distributed generation systems include wind and combined heat and power but the primary distribution technology being installed is solar photovoltaic (PV) systems.
Increasing penetrations of EVs in the vehicle fleet will therefore have implications for both our transport systems and for our power supply systems. In the electricity supply industry, sufficient EV recharging facilities will need to be provided to EV owners and distribution system operators will need to manage these extra loads that until now have not been considered in electricity network operation and planning. The need for this research stems from the fact that electricity supply companies have been caught out by the far greater than expected take up rates of air conditioners and PV systems and EVs have the potential to be another surprise.
Yet another change occurring in the electricity supply industry is the emergence of distributed Energy Storage Systems (ESS) that are being used to improve the reliability, efficiency, and controllability of the power distribution system and to facilitate the integration of distributed generation and to enable growth in renewable electricity generation.
The motivation of this thesis is the investigation of the potential impacts of aggregation of V2G charging on electricity distribution systems when integrated with distributed generation and distributed energy storage systems.
The forthcoming earlier chapters of this dissertation describe the considered approach towards the design and development of the power system. During the development phase the power system structure and renewable energy source namely PV system are considered. The later chapters of this thesis describe the Energy Management System (EMS) for the modelled power system.
The thesis includes the detailed modelling of the low voltage distribution grid and load flow analysis by performing in-depth mathematical analysis and computation and also proving the feasibility of the efficiency of the power systems by presenting Power Factory simulations. The advantages and disadvantages of potential impacts of increasing of the integration of EVs with distributed photovoltaic (PV) systems and ESS utilisation also are presented in this dissertation. Finally, a comparative optimal EV charging strategy for energy management is proposed with the existing electricity paradigms based on peak demand shaving, improving voltage profile and minimizing power losses and how ESS may be used as a means of mitigating the impacts of EV charging.
The thesis concludes with the summary of the whole study and also provides the reader with potential future work. The optimized energy management system for the distribution system is presented as a significant contribution to the body of knowledge of integration of distributed/renewable generation sources and ESS operating in an electric grid environment.
Predicting the potential impacts of EV recharging on electricity grids, however, is made more difficult as this transition to EVs coincides with changes in the electricity supply systems that include increased adoption of energy efficiency and increased reliance on distributed or embedded electricity generation connected to the low voltage networks. These distributed generation systems include wind and combined heat and power but the primary distribution technology being installed is solar photovoltaic (PV) systems.
Increasing penetrations of EVs in the vehicle fleet will therefore have implications for both our transport systems and for our power supply systems. In the electricity supply industry, sufficient EV recharging facilities will need to be provided to EV owners and distribution system operators will need to manage these extra loads that until now have not been considered in electricity network operation and planning. The need for this research stems from the fact that electricity supply companies have been caught out by the far greater than expected take up rates of air conditioners and PV systems and EVs have the potential to be another surprise.
Yet another change occurring in the electricity supply industry is the emergence of distributed Energy Storage Systems (ESS) that are being used to improve the reliability, efficiency, and controllability of the power distribution system and to facilitate the integration of distributed generation and to enable growth in renewable electricity generation.
The motivation of this thesis is the investigation of the potential impacts of aggregation of V2G charging on electricity distribution systems when integrated with distributed generation and distributed energy storage systems.
The forthcoming earlier chapters of this dissertation describe the considered approach towards the design and development of the power system. During the development phase the power system structure and renewable energy source namely PV system are considered. The later chapters of this thesis describe the Energy Management System (EMS) for the modelled power system.
The thesis includes the detailed modelling of the low voltage distribution grid and load flow analysis by performing in-depth mathematical analysis and computation and also proving the feasibility of the efficiency of the power systems by presenting Power Factory simulations. The advantages and disadvantages of potential impacts of increasing of the integration of EVs with distributed photovoltaic (PV) systems and ESS utilisation also are presented in this dissertation. Finally, a comparative optimal EV charging strategy for energy management is proposed with the existing electricity paradigms based on peak demand shaving, improving voltage profile and minimizing power losses and how ESS may be used as a means of mitigating the impacts of EV charging.
The thesis concludes with the summary of the whole study and also provides the reader with potential future work. The optimized energy management system for the distribution system is presented as a significant contribution to the body of knowledge of integration of distributed/renewable generation sources and ESS operating in an electric grid environment.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Qualification | Doctor of Philosophy |
| Supervisors/Advisors |
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| Publication status | Unpublished - 2015 |
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