TY - JOUR
T1 - Lumbar load in adolescent fast bowlers: A prospective injury study
AU - Bayne, Helen
AU - Elliott, Bruce
AU - Campbell, A.
AU - Alderson, Jacqueline
PY - 2016/2/1
Y1 - 2016/2/1
N2 - © 2015.Objectives: This study aimed to identify modifiable mechanisms associated with low back injury in adolescent cricket fast bowlers. Design: A prospective study design examined the association between intrinsic risk factors, workload, bowling kinematics, lumbar load and low back injury incidence. Methods: Twenty-five injury free fast bowlers, aged 14-19 years, were assessed prior to the start of a cricket season and observed during the season for low back injuries. Results: The twelve bowlers who suffered a low back injury displayed; decreased hip flexion at front foot contact (46 ± 6° vs 51 ± 6°), increased pelvis rotation (287 ± 11° vs 277 ± 11°) increased thorax lateral flexion (50 ± 6° vs 40 ± 8°) at ball release, and larger peak lumbar flexion (10.5 ± 4.9 Nm kg-1 m-1 vs 6.9 ± 2.5 Nm kg-1 m-1) and lateral flexion moments (12.5 ± 2.6 Nm kg-1 m-1 vs 10.6 ± 1.9 Nm kg-1 m-1). They also exhibited reduced muscular endurance of the back extensors (103 ± 33 s vs 132 ± 33 s) and increased knee valgus angle during a single leg decline squat on the dominant (9 ± 3° vs 5 ± 4°) and non-dominant leg (9 ± 4° vs 6 ± 3°) in comparison to uninjured bowlers. Conclusions: Bowlers who experience greater lumbar loads during bowling, have reduced back extensor muscle endurance, and demonstrate impaired control of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex, are at increased risk of low back injury. This combination of strength, control and biomechanical factors may be key mechanical elements of low back injury causation in adolescent fast bowlers.
AB - © 2015.Objectives: This study aimed to identify modifiable mechanisms associated with low back injury in adolescent cricket fast bowlers. Design: A prospective study design examined the association between intrinsic risk factors, workload, bowling kinematics, lumbar load and low back injury incidence. Methods: Twenty-five injury free fast bowlers, aged 14-19 years, were assessed prior to the start of a cricket season and observed during the season for low back injuries. Results: The twelve bowlers who suffered a low back injury displayed; decreased hip flexion at front foot contact (46 ± 6° vs 51 ± 6°), increased pelvis rotation (287 ± 11° vs 277 ± 11°) increased thorax lateral flexion (50 ± 6° vs 40 ± 8°) at ball release, and larger peak lumbar flexion (10.5 ± 4.9 Nm kg-1 m-1 vs 6.9 ± 2.5 Nm kg-1 m-1) and lateral flexion moments (12.5 ± 2.6 Nm kg-1 m-1 vs 10.6 ± 1.9 Nm kg-1 m-1). They also exhibited reduced muscular endurance of the back extensors (103 ± 33 s vs 132 ± 33 s) and increased knee valgus angle during a single leg decline squat on the dominant (9 ± 3° vs 5 ± 4°) and non-dominant leg (9 ± 4° vs 6 ± 3°) in comparison to uninjured bowlers. Conclusions: Bowlers who experience greater lumbar loads during bowling, have reduced back extensor muscle endurance, and demonstrate impaired control of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex, are at increased risk of low back injury. This combination of strength, control and biomechanical factors may be key mechanical elements of low back injury causation in adolescent fast bowlers.
U2 - 10.1016/j.jsams.2015.02.011
DO - 10.1016/j.jsams.2015.02.011
M3 - Article
C2 - 25794969
SN - 1440-2440
VL - 19
SP - 117
EP - 122
JO - Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport
JF - Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport
IS - 2
ER -