Key Science Goals for the Next-Generation Event Horizon Telescope

Michael D. Johnson; Kazunori Akiyama; Lindy Blackburn; Katherine L. Bouman; Avery E. Broderick; Vitor Cardoso; Rob P. Fender; Christian M. Fromm; Peter Galison; José L. Gómez; Daryl Haggard; Matthew L. Lister; Andrei P. Lobanov; Sera Markoff; Ramesh Narayan; Priyamvada Natarajan; Tiffany Nichols; Dominic W. Pesce; Ziri Younsi; Andrew Chael; Koushik Chatterjee; Ryan Chaves; Juliusz Doboszewski; Richard Dodson; Sheperd S. Doeleman; Jamee Elder; Garret Fitzpatrick; Kari Haworth; Janice Houston; Sara Issaoun; Yuri Y. Kovalev; Aviad Levis; Rocco Lico; Alexandru Marcoci; Niels C.M. Martens; Neil M. Nagar; Aaron Oppenheimer; Daniel C.M. Palumbo; Angelo Ricarte; María  J. Rioja; Freek Roelofs; Ann C. Thresher; Paul Tiede; Jonathan Weintroub; Maciek Wielgus

doi:10.3390/galaxies11030061

Key Science Goals for the Next-Generation Event Horizon Telescope

Michael D. Johnson, Kazunori Akiyama, Lindy Blackburn, Katherine L. Bouman, Avery E. Broderick, Vitor Cardoso, Rob P. Fender, Christian M. Fromm, Peter Galison, José L. Gómez, Daryl Haggard, Matthew L. Lister, Andrei P. Lobanov, Sera Markoff, Ramesh Narayan, Priyamvada Natarajan, Tiffany Nichols, Dominic W. Pesce, Ziri Younsi, Andrew ChaelKoushik Chatterjee, Ryan Chaves, Juliusz Doboszewski, Richard Dodson, Sheperd S. Doeleman, Jamee Elder, Garret Fitzpatrick, Kari Haworth, Janice Houston, Sara Issaoun, Yuri Y. Kovalev, Aviad Levis, Rocco Lico, Alexandru Marcoci, Niels C.M. Martens, Neil M. Nagar, Aaron Oppenheimer, Daniel C.M. Palumbo, Angelo Ricarte, María J. Rioja, Freek Roelofs, Ann C. Thresher, Paul Tiede, Jonathan Weintroub, Maciek Wielgus

International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR)

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

65 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has led to the first images of a supermassive black hole, revealing the central compact objects in the elliptical galaxy M87 and the Milky Way. Proposed upgrades to this array through the next-generation EHT (ngEHT) program would sharply improve the angular resolution, dynamic range, and temporal coverage of the existing EHT observations. These improvements will uniquely enable a wealth of transformative new discoveries related to black hole science, extending from event-horizon-scale studies of strong gravity to studies of explosive transients to the cosmological growth and influence of supermassive black holes. Here, we present the key science goals for the ngEHT and their associated instrument requirements, both of which have been formulated through a multi-year international effort involving hundreds of scientists worldwide.

Original language	English
Article number	61
Journal	Galaxies
Volume	11
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies11030061
Publication status	Published - Jun 2023

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Johnson, M. D., Akiyama, K., Blackburn, L., Bouman, K. L., Broderick, A. E., Cardoso, V., Fender, R. P., Fromm, C. M., Galison, P., Gómez, J. L., Haggard, D., Lister, M. L., Lobanov, A. P., Markoff, S., Narayan, R., Natarajan, P., Nichols, T., Pesce, D. W., Younsi, Z., ... Wielgus, M. (2023). Key Science Goals for the Next-Generation Event Horizon Telescope. Galaxies, 11(3), Article 61. https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies11030061

@article{1b1a7a1f87044be4895025d5ddc495fd,

title = "Key Science Goals for the Next-Generation Event Horizon Telescope",

abstract = "The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has led to the first images of a supermassive black hole, revealing the central compact objects in the elliptical galaxy M87 and the Milky Way. Proposed upgrades to this array through the next-generation EHT (ngEHT) program would sharply improve the angular resolution, dynamic range, and temporal coverage of the existing EHT observations. These improvements will uniquely enable a wealth of transformative new discoveries related to black hole science, extending from event-horizon-scale studies of strong gravity to studies of explosive transients to the cosmological growth and influence of supermassive black holes. Here, we present the key science goals for the ngEHT and their associated instrument requirements, both of which have been formulated through a multi-year international effort involving hundreds of scientists worldwide.",

keywords = "accretion, black holes, EHT, general relativity, interferometry, ngEHT, relativistic jets, very-long-baseline interferometry",

author = "Johnson, {Michael D.} and Kazunori Akiyama and Lindy Blackburn and Bouman, {Katherine L.} and Broderick, {Avery E.} and Vitor Cardoso and Fender, {Rob P.} and Fromm, {Christian M.} and Peter Galison and G{\'o}mez, {Jos{\'e} L.} and Daryl Haggard and Lister, {Matthew L.} and Lobanov, {Andrei P.} and Sera Markoff and Ramesh Narayan and Priyamvada Natarajan and Tiffany Nichols and Pesce, {Dominic W.} and Ziri Younsi and Andrew Chael and Koushik Chatterjee and Ryan Chaves and Juliusz Doboszewski and Richard Dodson and Doeleman, {Sheperd S.} and Jamee Elder and Garret Fitzpatrick and Kari Haworth and Janice Houston and Sara Issaoun and Kovalev, {Yuri Y.} and Aviad Levis and Rocco Lico and Alexandru Marcoci and Martens, {Niels C.M.} and Nagar, {Neil M.} and Aaron Oppenheimer and Palumbo, {Daniel C.M.} and Angelo Ricarte and Rioja, {Mar{\'i}a J.} and Freek Roelofs and Thresher, {Ann C.} and Paul Tiede and Jonathan Weintroub and Maciek Wielgus",

note = "Funding Information: The ngEHT design studies are funded by National Science Foundation grants AST-1935980 and AST-2034306 and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF-10423). This work was supported by the Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University, which is funded by grants from the John Templeton Foundation and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation to Harvard University. This work was supported by Volkswagen Foundation, VILLUM Foundation (grant no. VIL37766) and the DNRF Chair program (grant no. DNRF162) by the Danish National Research Foundation. We acknowledge financial support provided under the European Union{\textquoteright}s H2020 ERC Advanced Grant “Black holes: gravitational engines of discovery” grant agreement no. Gravitas–101052587. NCMM acknowledges support from the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme for the funding received under the Marie Sk{\l}odowska-Curie grant agreement No. 101065772 (PhilDarkEnergy) and the ERC Starting Grant agreement No. 101076402 (COSMO-MASTER). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. NN acknowledges funding from TITANs NCN19-058 and Fondecyt 1221421. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 by the authors.",

year = "2023",

month = jun,

doi = "10.3390/galaxies11030061",

language = "English",

volume = "11",

journal = "Galaxies",

issn = "2075-4434",

publisher = "MDPI AG",

number = "3",

}

Johnson, MD, Akiyama, K, Blackburn, L, Bouman, KL, Broderick, AE, Cardoso, V, Fender, RP, Fromm, CM, Galison, P, Gómez, JL, Haggard, D, Lister, ML, Lobanov, AP, Markoff, S, Narayan, R, Natarajan, P, Nichols, T, Pesce, DW, Younsi, Z, Chael, A, Chatterjee, K, Chaves, R, Doboszewski, J, Dodson, R, Doeleman, SS, Elder, J, Fitzpatrick, G, Haworth, K, Houston, J, Issaoun, S, Kovalev, YY, Levis, A, Lico, R, Marcoci, A, Martens, NCM, Nagar, NM, Oppenheimer, A, Palumbo, DCM, Ricarte, A, Rioja, MJ, Roelofs, F, Thresher, AC, Tiede, P, Weintroub, J & Wielgus, M 2023, 'Key Science Goals for the Next-Generation Event Horizon Telescope', Galaxies, vol. 11, no. 3, 61. https://doi.org/10.3390/galaxies11030061

TY - JOUR

T1 - Key Science Goals for the Next-Generation Event Horizon Telescope

AU - Johnson, Michael D.

AU - Akiyama, Kazunori

AU - Blackburn, Lindy

AU - Bouman, Katherine L.

AU - Broderick, Avery E.

AU - Cardoso, Vitor

AU - Fender, Rob P.

AU - Fromm, Christian M.

AU - Galison, Peter

AU - Gómez, José L.

AU - Haggard, Daryl

AU - Lister, Matthew L.

AU - Lobanov, Andrei P.

AU - Markoff, Sera

AU - Narayan, Ramesh

AU - Natarajan, Priyamvada

AU - Nichols, Tiffany

AU - Pesce, Dominic W.

AU - Younsi, Ziri

AU - Chael, Andrew

AU - Chatterjee, Koushik

AU - Chaves, Ryan

AU - Doboszewski, Juliusz

AU - Dodson, Richard

AU - Doeleman, Sheperd S.

AU - Elder, Jamee

AU - Fitzpatrick, Garret

AU - Haworth, Kari

AU - Houston, Janice

AU - Issaoun, Sara

AU - Kovalev, Yuri Y.

AU - Levis, Aviad

AU - Lico, Rocco

AU - Marcoci, Alexandru

AU - Martens, Niels C.M.

AU - Nagar, Neil M.

AU - Oppenheimer, Aaron

AU - Palumbo, Daniel C.M.

AU - Ricarte, Angelo

AU - Rioja, María J.

AU - Roelofs, Freek

AU - Thresher, Ann C.

AU - Tiede, Paul

AU - Weintroub, Jonathan

AU - Wielgus, Maciek

N1 - Funding Information: The ngEHT design studies are funded by National Science Foundation grants AST-1935980 and AST-2034306 and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF-10423). This work was supported by the Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University, which is funded by grants from the John Templeton Foundation and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation to Harvard University. This work was supported by Volkswagen Foundation, VILLUM Foundation (grant no. VIL37766) and the DNRF Chair program (grant no. DNRF162) by the Danish National Research Foundation. We acknowledge financial support provided under the European Union’s H2020 ERC Advanced Grant “Black holes: gravitational engines of discovery” grant agreement no. Gravitas–101052587. NCMM acknowledges support from the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme for the funding received under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 101065772 (PhilDarkEnergy) and the ERC Starting Grant agreement No. 101076402 (COSMO-MASTER). Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the European Research Council. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them. NN acknowledges funding from TITANs NCN19-058 and Fondecyt 1221421. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.

PY - 2023/6

Y1 - 2023/6

N2 - The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has led to the first images of a supermassive black hole, revealing the central compact objects in the elliptical galaxy M87 and the Milky Way. Proposed upgrades to this array through the next-generation EHT (ngEHT) program would sharply improve the angular resolution, dynamic range, and temporal coverage of the existing EHT observations. These improvements will uniquely enable a wealth of transformative new discoveries related to black hole science, extending from event-horizon-scale studies of strong gravity to studies of explosive transients to the cosmological growth and influence of supermassive black holes. Here, we present the key science goals for the ngEHT and their associated instrument requirements, both of which have been formulated through a multi-year international effort involving hundreds of scientists worldwide.

AB - The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) has led to the first images of a supermassive black hole, revealing the central compact objects in the elliptical galaxy M87 and the Milky Way. Proposed upgrades to this array through the next-generation EHT (ngEHT) program would sharply improve the angular resolution, dynamic range, and temporal coverage of the existing EHT observations. These improvements will uniquely enable a wealth of transformative new discoveries related to black hole science, extending from event-horizon-scale studies of strong gravity to studies of explosive transients to the cosmological growth and influence of supermassive black holes. Here, we present the key science goals for the ngEHT and their associated instrument requirements, both of which have been formulated through a multi-year international effort involving hundreds of scientists worldwide.

KW - accretion

KW - black holes

KW - EHT

KW - general relativity

KW - interferometry

KW - ngEHT

KW - relativistic jets

KW - very-long-baseline interferometry

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85161078706&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3390/galaxies11030061

DO - 10.3390/galaxies11030061

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85161078706

SN - 2075-4434

VL - 11

JO - Galaxies

JF - Galaxies

IS - 3

M1 - 61

ER -

Key Science Goals for the Next-Generation Event Horizon Telescope

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