@article{e023631e10cb4c149ca11e88c5c4cf8b,
title = "Introducing the No-Significant-Effect Concentration",
abstract = "The no-effect concentration (NEC) is the preferred threshold metric for single-species toxicity tests applied to derive safe concentration thresholds for contaminants in the environment for use in species sensitivity distributions. However, the NEC is only suitable when concentration–response (C-R) data exhibit a threshold response. We describe an alternative toxicity estimate, the no-significant-effect concentration (NSEC), which is better suited to C-R data for which the response is a monotonically decreasing function of concentration and no threshold effects are evident. We use a flexible, three-parameter sigmoidal function to describe the C-R relationship and detail both Bayesian and frequentist approaches to estimation and inference for the NSEC. While the NSEC is conceptually linked to the traditional no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC), it is a substantial improvement over the NOEC because it decouples the estimate from being directly dependent on the placement of treatment concentrations as well as admitting statements of precision of the resulting toxicity estimate. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2019–2028.",
keywords = "Concentration–response modeling, Ecosystem protection, Ecotoxicology, no-observed-effect concentrations (NOECs), Species sensitivity distribution, Toxicity estimate",
author = "Rebecca Fisher and Fox, {David R.}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank A. Negi, F. Flores, G. Batley, and J. Van Dam for helpful comments on an early draft of the manuscript. The present study was funded through the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) internal project (003125, 003518). Members of the AIMS Tropical Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment team provided valuable feedback in the development of the NSEC concept, trialing early implementations of the approach. Open access publishing facilitated by The University of Western Australia, as part of the Wiley ‐ The University of Western Australia agreement via the Council of Australian University Librarians. Funding Information: We thank A. Negi, F. Flores, G. Batley, and J. Van Dam for helpful comments on an early draft of the manuscript. The present study was funded through the Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS) internal project (003125, 003518). Members of the AIMS Tropical Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment team provided valuable feedback in the development of the NSEC concept, trialing early implementations of the approach. Open access publishing facilitated by The University of Western Australia, as part of the Wiley - The University of Western Australia agreement via the Council of Australian University Librarians. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 Commonwealth of Australia and The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.",
year = "2023",
month = sep,
doi = "10.1002/etc.5610",
language = "English",
volume = "42",
pages = "2019--2028",
journal = "Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry",
issn = "0730-7268",
publisher = "John Wiley & Sons",
number = "9",
}