Interaction of Magnesium-Based Materials with Human Blood Cells and Culture of Human Diploid Cells In Vitro

We studied morphofunctional properties of human blood cells and diploid culture cells exposed to different types of magnesium materials: pure magnesium (Mg), magnesium—yttrium—neodymium—zirconium alloy (Mg-Y-Nd-Zr) and magnesium—zinc—calcium alloy (Mg-Zn-Ca). The materials were incubated with donor blood and mesenchymal multipotent stromal cells over 3 days. The studied materials did not induce massive lysis of human erythrocytes and leukocytes in vitro, but gradually impaired their structural integrity. In all cases, spontaneous platelet aggregation was observed in 6 h. In the presence of pure Mg and Mg-Zn-Ca alloy, this was accompanied by a decrease in the number of platelets with granules. In 24 h, substantial platelet degranulation occurred in all cases and in 72 h, the platelets did not contain granules. In parallel, the formation of large aggregates (60 μ) was observed. In the culture of stromal cells, all Mg-based materials reduced structural integrity of cells in 24 h, but did not significantly inhibit cell proliferation. Structural integrity of stromal cells partially recovered by day 3 in culture. The studied materials (Mg, Mg-Y-Nd-Zr, and Mg-Zn-Ca) seemed to be low-toxic for human cells during short-term contact, but could stimulate platelet aggregation and spontaneous degranulation and reduced the viability of diploid cells in vitro.