Integrated aquaculture modelling to determine carrying capacity of aquaculture development zones in the Arabian Gulf

Dedicated aquaculture development zones (ADZs) are commonly established in coastal areas to support sustainable growth of the marine aquaculture industry. With the aquaculture industry expanding on a global scale, regulatory bodies have recognised the need to develop advanced technologies to aid in understanding the carrying capacity of these zones to meet both environmental and economic sustainability objectives. In this study, we demonstrate how an integrated modelling approach can be used to determine a sustainable carrying capacity for three proposed ADZs in the southern region of the Arabian Gulf. The integrated approach simulated regional hydrodynamics and water quality using coupled hydrodynamic, water quality, sediment diagenesis and particle tracking models. Three scenarios with varying standing biomass were used to compare the environmental status of pre- and post-aquaculture conditions in the pelagic and benthic environments. Model outputs were subsequently used to determine the local carrying capacity, based on the predicted impacts meeting acceptable environmental quality standards. Results indicated that the extent of environmental impacts were dependent on localised bathymetry, prevailing currents, circulation patterns and the location of sensitive benthic habitats. Standing biomass was subsequently limited so as to achieve internationally recognised environmental standards and ensure the sustainable development of the local industry.