Implicating genes, pleiotropy, and sexual dimorphism at blood lipid loci through multi-ancestry meta-analysis

Stavroula Kanoni, Sarah E. Graham, Yuxuan Wang, Ida Surakka, Shweta Ramdas, Xiang Zhu, Shoa L. Clarke, Konain Fatima Bhatti, Sailaja Vedantam, Thomas W. Winkler, Adam E. Locke, Eirini Marouli, Greg J.M. Zajac, Kuan Han H. Wu, Ioanna Ntalla, Qin Hui, Derek Klarin, Austin T. Hilliard, Zeyuan Wang, Chao XueGudmar Thorleifsson, Anna Helgadottir, Daniel F. Gudbjartsson, Hilma Holm, Isleifur Olafsson, Mi Yeong Hwang, Sohee Han, Masato Akiyama, Saori Sakaue, Chikashi Terao, Masahiro Kanai, Wei Zhou, Ben M. Brumpton, Humaira Rasheed, Aki S. Havulinna, Yogasudha Veturi, Jennifer Allen Pacheco, Elisabeth A. Rosenthal, Todd Lingren, Qi Ping Feng, Iftikhar J. Kullo, Akira Narita, Jun Takayama, Hilary C. Martin, Karen A. Hunt, Bhavi Trivedi, Jeffrey Haessler, Franco Giulianini, Yuki Bradford, Jason E. Miller, Archie Campbell, Kuang Lin, Iona Y. Millwood, Asif Rasheed, George Hindy, Jessica D. Faul, Wei Zhao, David R. Weir, Constance Turman, Hongyan Huang, Mariaelisa Graff, Ananyo Choudhury, Dhriti Sengupta, Anubha Mahajan, Michael R. Brown, Weihua Zhang, Ketian Yu, Ellen M. Schmidt, Anita Pandit, Stefan Gustafsson, Xianyong Yin, Jian’an Luan, Jing Hua Zhao, Fumihiko Matsuda, Hye Mi Jang, Kyungheon Yoon, Carolina Medina-Gomez, Achilleas Pitsillides, Jouke Jan Hottenga, Andrew R. Wood, Yingji Ji, Zishan Gao, Simon Haworth, Noha A. Yousri, Ruth E. Mitchell, Jin Fang Chai, Mette Aadahl, Anne A. Bjerregaard, Jie Yao, Ani Manichaikul, Chii Min Hwu, Yi Jen Hung, Helen R. Warren, Julia Ramirez, Jette Bork-Jensen, Line L. Kårhus, Anuj Goel, Maria Sabater-Lleal, Raymond Noordam, Pala Mauro, Floris Matteo, Aaron F. McDaid, Pedro Marques-Vidal, Matthias Wielscher, Stella Trompet, Naveed Sattar, Line T. Møllehave, Matthias Munz, Lingyao Zeng, Jianfeng Huang, Bin Yang, Alaitz Poveda, Azra Kurbasic, Claudia Lamina, Lukas Forer, Markus Scholz, Tessel E. Galesloot, Jonathan P. Bradfield, Sanni E. Ruotsalainen, EWarwick W. Daw, Joseph M. Zmuda, Jonathan S. Mitchell, Christian Fuchsberger, Henry Christensen, Jennifer A. Brody, Miguel Vazquez-Moreno, Mary F. Feitosa, Mary K. Wojczynski, Zhe Wang, Michael H. Preuss, Massimo Mangino, Paraskevi Christofidou, Niek Verweij, Jan W. Benjamins, Jorgen Engmann, Noah L. Tsao, Anurag Verma, Roderick C. Slieker, Ken Sin Lo, Nuno R. Zilhao, Phuong Le, Marcus E. Kleber, Graciela E. Delgado, Shaofeng Huo, Daisuke D. Ikeda, Hiroyuki Iha, Jian Yang, Jun Liu, Ayşe Demirkan, Hampton L. Leonard, Jonathan Marten, Mirjam Frank, Börge Schmidt, Laura J. Smyth, Marisa Cañadas-Garre, Chaolong Wang, Masahiro Nakatochi, Andrew Wong, Nina Hutri-Kähönen, Xueling Sim, Rui Xia, Alicia Huerta-Chagoya, Juan Carlos Fernandez-Lopez, Valeriya Lyssenko, Suraj S. Nongmaithem, Swati Bayyana, Heather M. Stringham, Marguerite R. Irvin, Christopher Oldmeadow, Han Na Kim, Seungho Ryu, Paul R.H.J. Timmers, Liubov Arbeeva, Rajkumar Dorajoo, Leslie A. Lange, Gauri Prasad, Laura Lorés-Motta, Marc Pauper, Jirong Long, Xiaohui Li, Elizabeth Theusch, Fumihiko Takeuchi, Cassandra N. Spracklen, Anu Loukola, Sailalitha Bollepalli, Sophie C. Warner, Ya Xing Wang, Wen B. Wei, Teresa Nutile, Daniela Ruggiero, Yun Ju Sung, Shufeng Chen, Fangchao Liu, Jingyun Yang, Katherine A. Kentistou, Bernhard Banas, Giuseppe Giovanni Nardone, Karina Meidtner, Lawrence F. Bielak, Jennifer A. Smith, Prashantha Hebbar, Aliki Eleni Farmaki, Edith Hofer, Maoxuan Lin, Maria Pina Concas, Simona Vaccargiu, Peter J. van der Most, Niina Pitkänen, Brian E. Cade, Sander W. van der Laan, Kumaraswamy Naidu Chitrala, Stefan Weiss, Amy R. Bentley, Ayo P. Doumatey, Adebowale A. Adeyemo, Jong Young Lee, Eva R.B. Petersen, Aneta A. Nielsen, Hyeok Sun Choi, Maria Nethander, Sandra Freitag-Wolf, Lorraine Southam, Nigel W. Rayner, Carol A. Wang, Shih Yi Lin, Jun Sing Wang, Christian Couture, Leo Pekka Lyytikäinen, Kjell Nikus, Gabriel Cuellar-Partida, Henrik Vestergaard, Bertha Hidalgo, Olga Giannakopoulou, Qiuyin Cai, Morgan O. Obura, Jessica van Setten, Xiaoyin Li, Jingjing Liang, Hua Tang, Natalie Terzikhan, Jae Hun Shin, Rebecca D. Jackson, Alexander P. Reiner, Lisa Warsinger Martin, Zhengming Chen, Liming Li, Takahisa Kawaguchi, Joachim Thiery, Joshua C. Bis, Lenore J. Launer, Huaixing Li, Mike A. Nalls, Olli T. Raitakari, Sahoko Ichihara, Sarah H. Wild, Christopher P. Nelson, Harry Campbell, Susanne Jäger, Toru Nabika, Fahd Al-Mulla, Harri Niinikoski, Peter S. Braund, Ivana Kolcic, Peter Kovacs, Tota Giardoglou, Tomohiro Katsuya, Dominique de Kleijn, Gert J. de Borst, Eung Kweon Kim, Hieab H.H. Adams, M. Arfan Ikram, Xiaofeng Zhu, Folkert W. Asselbergs, Adriaan O. Kraaijeveld, Joline W.J. Beulens, Xiao Ou Shu, Loukianos S. Rallidis, Oluf Pedersen, Torben Hansen, Paul Mitchell, Alex W. Hewitt, Mika Kähönen, Louis Pérusse, Claude Bouchard, Anke Tönjes, Yii Der Ida Chen, Craig E. Pennell, Trevor A. Mori, Wolfgang Lieb, Andre Franke, Claes Ohlsson, Dan Mellström, Yoon Shin Cho, Hyejin Lee, Jian Min Yuan, Woon Puay Koh, Sang Youl Rhee, Jeong Taek Woo, Iris M. Heid, Klaus J. Stark, Martina E. Zimmermann, Henry Völzke, Georg Homuth, Michele K. Evans, Alan B. Zonderman, Ozren Polasek, Gerard Pasterkamp, Imo E. Hoefer, Susan Redline, Katja Pahkala, Albertine J. Oldehinkel, Harold Snieder, Ginevra Biino, Reinhold Schmidt, Helena Schmidt, Stefania Bandinelli, George Dedoussis, Thangavel Alphonse Thanaraj, Sharon L.R. Kardia, Patricia A. Peyser, Norihiro Kato, Matthias B. Schulze, Giorgia Girotto, Carsten A. Böger, Bettina Jung, Peter K. Joshi, David A. Bennett, Philip L. De Jager, Xiangfeng Lu, Vasiliki Mamakou, Morris Brown, Mark J. Caulfield, Patricia B. Munroe, Xiuqing Guo, Marina Ciullo, Jost B. Jonas, Nilesh J. Samani, Jaakko Kaprio, Päivi Pajukanta, Teresa Tusié-Luna, Carlos A. Aguilar-Salinas, Linda S. Adair, Sonny Augustin Bechayda, H. Janaka de Silva, Ananda R. Wickremasinghe, Ronald M. Krauss, Jer Yuarn Wu, Wei Zheng, Anneke Iden Hollander, Dwaipayan Bharadwaj, Adolfo Correa, James G. Wilson, Lars Lind, Chew Kiat Heng, Amanda E. Nelson, Yvonne M. Golightly, James F. Wilson, Brenda Penninx, Hyung Lae Kim, John Attia, Rodney J. Scott, D. C. Rao, Donna K. Arnett, Steven C. Hunt, Mark Walker, Heikki A. Koistinen, Giriraj R. Chandak, Josep M. Mercader, Maria C. Costanzo, Dongkeun Jang, Noël P. Burtt, Clicerio Gonzalez Villalpando, Lorena Orozco, Myriam Fornage, EShyong S. Tai, Rob M. van Dam, Terho Lehtimäki, Nish Chaturvedi, Mitsuhiro Yokota, Jianjun Liu, Dermot F. Reilly, Amy Jayne McKnight, Frank Kee, Karl Heinz Jöckel, Mark I. McCarthy, Colin N.A. Palmer, Veronique Vitart, Caroline Hayward, Eleanor Simonsick, Cornelia M. van Duijn, Zi Bing Jin, Jia Qu, Haretsugu Hishigaki, Xu Lin, Winfried März, Vilmundur Gudnason, Jean Claude Tardif, Guillaume Lettre, Leen M.‘t Hart, Petra J.M. Elders, Scott M. Damrauer, Meena Kumari, Mika Kivimaki, Pim van der Harst, Tim D. Spector, Ruth J.F. Loos, Michael A. Province, Esteban J. Parra, Miguel Cruz, Bruce M. Psaty, Ivan Brandslund, Peter P. Pramstaller, Charles N. Rotimi, Kaare Christensen, Samuli Ripatti, Elisabeth Widén, Hakon Hakonarson, Struan F.A. Grant, Lambertus A.L.M. Kiemeney, Jacqueline de Graaf, Markus Loeffler, Florian Kronenberg, Dongfeng Gu, Jeanette Erdmann, Heribert Schunkert, Paul W. Franks, Allan Linneberg, J. Wouter Jukema, Amit V. Khera, Minna Männikkö, Marjo Riitta Jarvelin, Zoltan Kutalik, Cucca Francesco, Dennis O. Mook-Kanamori, Ko Willems van Dijk, Hugh Watkins, David P. Strachan, Niels Grarup, Peter Sever, Neil Poulter, Lee Ming Chuang, Jerome I. Rotter, Thomas M. Dantoft, Fredrik Karpe, Matt J. Neville, Nicholas J. Timpson, Ching Yu Cheng, Tien Yin Wong, Chiea Chuen Khor, Hengtong Li, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Annette Peters, Christian Gieger, Andrew T. Hattersley, Nancy L. Pedersen, Patrik K.E. Magnusson, Dorret I. Boomsma, Allegonda H.M. Willemsen, LAdrienne A. Cupples, Joyce B.J. van Meurs, Mohsen Ghanbari, Penny Gordon-Larsen, Wei Huang, Young Jin Kim, Yasuharu Tabara, Nicholas J. Wareham, Claudia Langenberg, Eleftheria Zeggini, Johanna Kuusisto, Markku Laakso, Erik Ingelsson, Goncalo Abecasis, John C. Chambers, Jaspal S. Kooner, Paul S. de Vries, Alanna C. Morrison, Scott Hazelhurst, Michèle Ramsay, Kari E. North, Martha Daviglus, Peter Kraft, Nicholas G. Martin, John B. Whitfield, Shahid Abbas, Danish Saleheen, Robin G. Walters, Michael V. Holmes, Corri Black, Blair H. Smith, Aris Baras, Anne E. Justice, Julie E. Buring, Paul M. Ridker, Daniel I. Chasman, Charles Kooperberg, Gen Tamiya, Masayuki Yamamoto, David A. van Heel, Richard C. Trembath, Wei Qi Wei, Gail P. Jarvik, Bahram Namjou, M. Geoffrey Hayes, Marylyn D. Ritchie, Pekka Jousilahti, Veikko Salomaa, Kristian Hveem, Bjørn Olav Åsvold, Michiaki Kubo, Yoichiro Kamatani, Yukinori Okada, Yoshinori Murakami, Bong Jo Kim, Unnur Thorsteinsdottir, Kari Stefansson, Jifeng Zhang, YEugene E. Chen, Yuk Lam Ho, Julie A. Lynch, Daniel J. Rader, Philip S. Tsao, Kyong Mi Chang, Kelly Cho, Christopher J. O’Donnell, John M. Gaziano, Peter W.F. Wilson, Timothy M. Frayling, Joel N. Hirschhorn, Sekar Kathiresan, Karen L. Mohlke, Yan V. Sun, Andrew P. Morris, Michael Boehnke, Christopher D. Brown, Pradeep Natarajan, Panos Deloukas, Cristen J. Willer, Themistocles L. Assimes, Gina M. Peloso

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

20 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Background: Genetic variants within nearly 1000 loci are known to contribute to modulation of blood lipid levels. However, the biological pathways underlying these associations are frequently unknown, limiting understanding of these findings and hindering downstream translational efforts such as drug target discovery. Results: To expand our understanding of the underlying biological pathways and mechanisms controlling blood lipid levels, we leverage a large multi-ancestry meta-analysis (N = 1,654,960) of blood lipids to prioritize putative causal genes for 2286 lipid associations using six gene prediction approaches. Using phenome-wide association (PheWAS) scans, we identify relationships of genetically predicted lipid levels to other diseases and conditions. We confirm known pleiotropic associations with cardiovascular phenotypes and determine novel associations, notably with cholelithiasis risk. We perform sex-stratified GWAS meta-analysis of lipid levels and show that 3–5% of autosomal lipid-associated loci demonstrate sex-biased effects. Finally, we report 21 novel lipid loci identified on the X chromosome. Many of the sex-biased autosomal and X chromosome lipid loci show pleiotropic associations with sex hormones, emphasizing the role of hormone regulation in lipid metabolism. Conclusions: Taken together, our findings provide insights into the biological mechanisms through which associated variants lead to altered lipid levels and potentially cardiovascular disease risk.

Original languageEnglish
Article number268
Number of pages42
JournalGenome Biology
Volume23
Issue number1
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Dec 2022

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    Kanoni, S. (Creator), Graham, S. E. (Creator), Wang, Y. (Creator), Surakka, I. (Creator), Ramdas, S. (Creator), Zhu, X. (Creator), Clarke, S. L. (Creator), Bhatti, K. F. (Creator), Vedantam, S. (Creator), Winkler, T. W. (Creator), Locke, A. E. (Creator), Marouli, E. (Creator), Zajac, G. J. M. (Creator), Wu, K. H. (Creator), Ntalla, I. (Creator), Hui, Q. (Creator), Klarin, D. (Creator), Hilliard, A. T. (Creator), Wang, Z. (Creator), Xue, C. (Creator), Thorleifsson, G. (Creator), Helgadottir, A. (Creator), Gudbjartsson, D. F. (Creator), Holm, H. (Creator), Olafsson, I. (Creator), Hwang, M. Y. (Creator), Han, S. (Creator), Akiyama, M. (Creator), Sakaue, S. (Creator), Terao, C. (Creator), Kanai, M. (Creator), Zhou, W. (Creator), Brumpton, B. M. (Creator), Rasheed, H. (Creator), Havulinna, A. S. (Creator), Veturi, Y. (Creator), Pacheco, J. A. (Creator), Rosenthal, E. A. (Creator), Lingren, T. (Creator), Feng, Q. (Creator), Kullo, I. J. (Creator), Narita, A. (Creator), Takayama, J. (Creator), Martin, H. C. (Creator), Hunt, K. A. (Creator), Trivedi, B. (Creator), Haessler, J. (Creator), Giulianini, F. (Creator), Bradford, Y. (Creator), Miller, J. E. (Creator), Campbell, A. (Creator), Lin, K. (Creator), Millwood, I. Y. (Creator), Rasheed, A. (Creator), Hindy, G. (Creator), Faul, J. D. (Creator), Zhao, W. (Creator), Weir, D. R. (Creator), Turman, C. (Creator), Huang, H. (Creator), Graff, M. (Creator), Choudhury, A. (Creator), Sengupta, D. (Creator), Mahajan, A. (Creator), Brown, M. R. (Creator), Zhang, W. (Creator), Yu, K. (Creator), Schmidt, E. M. (Creator), Pandit, A. (Creator), Gustafsson, S. (Creator), Yin, X. (Creator), Luan, J. (Creator), Zhao, J. (Creator), Matsuda, F. (Creator), Jang, H. (Creator), Yoon, K. (Creator), Medina-Gomez, C. (Creator), Pitsillides, A. (Creator), Hottenga, J. J. (Creator), Wood, A. R. (Creator), Ji, Y. (Creator), Gao, Z. (Creator), Haworth, S. (Creator), Yousri, N. A. (Creator), Mitchell, R. E. (Creator), Chai, J. F. (Creator), Aadahl, M. (Creator), Bjerregaard, A. A. (Creator), Yao, J. (Creator), Manichaikul, A. (Creator), Hwu, C. (Creator), Hung, Y. (Creator), Warren, H. R. (Creator), Ramirez, J. (Creator), Bork-Jensen, J. (Creator), Kårhus, L. L. (Creator), Goel, A. (Creator), Sabater-Lleal, M. (Creator), Noordam, R. (Creator), Mauro, P. (Creator), Matteo, F. (Creator), McDaid, A. F. (Creator), Marques-Vidal, P. (Creator), Wielscher, M. (Creator), Trompet, S. (Creator), Sattar, N. (Creator), Møllehave, L. T. (Creator), Munz, M. (Creator), Zeng, L. (Creator), Huang, J. (Creator), Yang, B. (Creator), Poveda, A. (Creator), Kurbasic, A. (Creator), Lamina, C. (Creator), Forer, L. (Creator), Scholz, M. (Creator), Galesloot, T. E. (Creator), Bradfield, J. P. (Creator), Ruotsalainen, S. E. (Creator), Daw, E. (Creator), Zmuda, J. M. (Creator), Mitchell, J. S. (Creator), Fuchsberger, C. (Creator), Christensen, H. (Creator), Brody, J. A. (Creator), Vazquez-Moreno, M. (Creator), Feitosa, M. F. 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(Creator), Samani, N. J. (Creator), Kaprio, J. (Creator), Pajukanta, P. (Creator), Tusié-Luna, T. (Creator), Aguilar-Salinas, C. A. (Creator), Adair, L. S. (Creator), Bechayda, S. A. (Creator), de Silva, H. J. (Creator), Wickremasinghe, A. R. (Creator), Krauss, R. M. (Creator), Wu, J. (Creator), Zheng, W. (Creator), Hollander, A. I. (Creator), Bharadwaj, D. (Creator), Correa, A. (Creator), Wilson, J. F. (Creator), Lind, L. (Creator), Heng, C. (Creator), Nelson, A. E. (Creator), Golightly, Y. M. (Creator), Wilson, J. F. (Creator), Penninx, B. (Creator), Kim, H. (Creator), Attia, J. (Creator), Scott, R. J. (Creator), Rao, D. C. (Creator), Arnett, D. K. (Creator), Hunt, S. C. (Creator), Walker, M. (Creator), Koistinen, H. A. (Creator), Chandak, G. R. (Creator), Mercader, J. M. (Creator), Costanzo, M. C. (Creator), Jang, D. (Creator), Burtt, N. P. (Creator), Villalpando, C. G. (Creator), Orozco, L. (Creator), Fornage, M. (Creator), Tai, E. (Creator), van Dam, R. M. (Creator), Lehtimäki, T. (Creator), Chaturvedi, N. (Creator), Yokota, M. (Creator), Liu, J. (Creator), Reilly, D. F. (Creator), McKnight, A. J. (Creator), Kee, F. (Creator), Jöckel, K. (Creator), McCarthy, M. I. (Creator), Palmer, C. N. A. (Creator), Vitart, V. (Creator), Hayward, C. (Creator), Simonsick, E. (Creator), van Duijn, C. M. (Creator), Jin, Z. (Creator), Qu, J. (Creator), Hishigaki, H. (Creator), Lin, X. (Creator), März, W. (Creator), Gudnason, V. (Creator), Tardif, J. (Creator), Lettre, G. (Creator), Hart, L. M. ‘. (Creator), Elders, P. J. M. (Creator), Damrauer, S. M. (Creator), Kumari, M. (Creator), Kivimaki, M. (Creator), van der Harst, P. (Creator), Spector, T. D. (Creator), Loos, R. J. F. (Creator), Province, M. A. (Creator), Parra, E. J. (Creator), Cruz, M. (Creator), Psaty, B. M. (Creator), Brandslund, I. (Creator), Pramstaller, P. P. (Creator), Rotimi, C. N. (Creator), Christensen, K. (Creator), Ripatti, S. (Creator), Widén, E. (Creator), Hakonarson, H. (Creator), Grant, S. F. A. (Creator), Kiemeney, L. A. L. M. (Creator), de Graaf, J. (Creator), Loeffler, M. (Creator), Kronenberg, F. (Creator), Gu, D. (Creator), Erdmann, J. (Creator), Schunkert, H. (Creator), Franks, P. W. (Creator), Linneberg, A. (Creator), Jukema, J. W. (Creator), Khera, A. V. (Creator), Männikkö, M. (Creator), Jarvelin, M. (Creator), Kutalik, Z. (Creator), Francesco, C. (Creator), Mook-Kanamori, D. O. (Creator), van Dijk, K. W. (Creator), Watkins, H. (Creator), Strachan, D. P. (Creator), Grarup, N. (Creator), Sever, P. (Creator), Poulter, N. (Creator), Chuang, L. (Creator), Rotter, J. I. (Creator), Dantoft, T. M. (Creator), Karpe, F. (Creator), Neville, M. J. (Creator), Timpson, N. J. (Creator), Cheng, C. (Creator), Wong, T. (Creator), Khor, C. C. (Creator), Li, H. (Creator), Sabanayagam, C. (Creator), Peters, A. (Creator), Gieger, C. (Creator), Hattersley, A. T. (Creator), Pedersen, N. L. (Creator), Magnusson, P. K. E. (Creator), Boomsma, D. I. (Creator), Willemsen, A. H. M. (Creator), Cupples, L. (Creator), van Meurs, J. B. J. (Creator), Ghanbari, M. (Creator), Gordon-Larsen, P. (Creator), Huang, W. (Creator), Kim, Y. J. (Creator), Tabara, Y. (Creator), Wareham, N. J. (Creator), Langenberg, C. (Creator), Zeggini, E. (Creator), Kuusisto, J. (Creator), Laakso, M. (Creator), Ingelsson, E. (Creator), Abecasis, G. (Creator), Chambers, J. C. (Creator), Kooner, J. S. (Creator), de Vries, P. S. (Creator), Morrison, A. C. (Creator), Hazelhurst, S. (Creator), Ramsay, M. (Creator), North, K. E. (Creator), Daviglus, M. (Creator), Kraft, P. (Creator), Martin, N. G. (Creator), Whitfield, J. B. (Creator), Abbas, S. (Creator), Saleheen, D. (Creator), Walters, R. G. (Creator), Holmes, M. V. (Creator), Black, C. (Creator), Smith, B. H. (Creator), Baras, A. (Creator), Justice, A. E. (Creator), Buring, J. E. (Creator), Ridker, P. M. (Creator), Chasman, D. I. (Creator), Kooperberg, C. (Creator), Tamiya, G. (Creator), Yamamoto, M. (Creator), van Heel, D. A. (Creator), Trembath, R. C. (Creator), Wei, W. (Creator), Jarvik, G. P. (Creator), Namjou, B. (Creator), Hayes, M. G. (Creator), Ritchie, M. D. (Creator), Jousilahti, P. (Creator), Salomaa, V. (Creator), Hveem, K. (Creator), Åsvold, B. O. (Creator), Kubo, M. (Creator), Kamatani, Y. (Creator), Okada, Y. (Creator), Murakami, Y. (Creator), Kim, B. (Creator), Thorsteinsdottir, U. (Creator), Stefansson, K. (Creator), Zhang, J. (Creator), Chen, Y. (Creator), Ho, Y. (Creator), Lynch, J. A. (Creator), Rader, D. J. (Creator), Tsao, P. S. (Creator), Chang, K. (Creator), Cho, K. (Creator), O’Donnell, C. J. (Creator), Gaziano, J. M. (Creator), Wilson, P. W. F. (Creator), Frayling, T. M. (Creator), Hirschhorn, J. N. (Creator), Kathiresan, S. (Creator), Mohlke, K. L. (Creator), Sun, Y. V. (Creator), Morris, A. P. (Creator), Boehnke, M. (Creator), Brown, C. D. (Creator), Natarajan, P. (Creator), Deloukas, P. (Creator), Willer, C. J. (Creator), Assimes, T. L. (Creator) & Peloso, G. M. (Creator), Figshare, 2023

    Dataset

  • Additional file 2 of Implicating genes, pleiotropy, and sexual dimorphism at blood lipid loci through multi-ancestry meta-analysis

    Kanoni, S. (Creator), Graham, S. E. (Creator), Wang, Y. (Creator), Surakka, I. (Creator), Ramdas, S. (Creator), Zhu, X. (Creator), Clarke, S. L. (Creator), Bhatti, K. F. (Creator), Vedantam, S. (Creator), Winkler, T. W. (Creator), Locke, A. E. (Creator), Marouli, E. (Creator), Zajac, G. J. M. (Creator), Wu, K. H. (Creator), Ntalla, I. (Creator), Hui, Q. (Creator), Klarin, D. (Creator), Hilliard, A. T. (Creator), Wang, Z. (Creator), Xue, C. (Creator), Thorleifsson, G. (Creator), Helgadottir, A. (Creator), Gudbjartsson, D. F. (Creator), Holm, H. (Creator), Olafsson, I. (Creator), Hwang, M. Y. (Creator), Han, S. (Creator), Akiyama, M. (Creator), Sakaue, S. (Creator), Terao, C. (Creator), Kanai, M. (Creator), Zhou, W. (Creator), Brumpton, B. M. (Creator), Rasheed, H. (Creator), Havulinna, A. S. (Creator), Veturi, Y. (Creator), Pacheco, J. A. (Creator), Rosenthal, E. A. (Creator), Lingren, T. (Creator), Feng, Q. (Creator), Kullo, I. J. (Creator), Narita, A. (Creator), Takayama, J. (Creator), Martin, H. C. (Creator), Hunt, K. A. (Creator), Trivedi, B. (Creator), Haessler, J. (Creator), Giulianini, F. (Creator), Bradford, Y. (Creator), Miller, J. E. (Creator), Campbell, A. (Creator), Lin, K. (Creator), Millwood, I. Y. (Creator), Rasheed, A. (Creator), Hindy, G. (Creator), Faul, J. D. (Creator), Zhao, W. (Creator), Weir, D. R. (Creator), Turman, C. (Creator), Huang, H. (Creator), Graff, M. (Creator), Choudhury, A. (Creator), Sengupta, D. (Creator), Mahajan, A. (Creator), Brown, M. R. (Creator), Zhang, W. (Creator), Yu, K. (Creator), Schmidt, E. M. (Creator), Pandit, A. (Creator), Gustafsson, S. (Creator), Yin, X. (Creator), Luan, J. N. A. (Creator), Zhao, J. H. (Creator), Matsuda, F. (Creator), Jang, H. (Creator), Yoon, K. (Creator), Medina-Gomez, C. (Creator), Pitsillides, A. (Creator), Hottenga, J. J. (Creator), Wood, A. R. (Creator), Ji, Y. (Creator), Gao, Z. (Creator), Haworth, S. (Creator), Yousri, N. A. (Creator), Mitchell, R. E. (Creator), Chai, J. F. (Creator), Aadahl, M. (Creator), Bjerregaard, A. A. (Creator), Yao, J. (Creator), Manichaikul, A. W. (Creator), Hwu, C. M. (Creator), Hung, Y. (Creator), Warren, H. R. (Creator), Ramirez, J. (Creator), Bork-Jensen, J. (Creator), Kårhus, L. L. (Creator), Goel, A. (Creator), Sabater-Lleal, M. (Creator), Noordam, R. (Creator), Mauro, P. (Creator), Matteo, F. (Creator), McDaid, A. F. (Creator), Vidal, P. M. (Creator), Wielscher, M. (Creator), Trompet, S. (Creator), Sattar, N. A. (Creator), Møllehave, L. T. (Creator), Munz, M. (Creator), Zeng, L. (Creator), Huang, J. (Creator), Yang, B. (Creator), Poveda, A. (Creator), Kurbasic, A. (Creator), Lamina, C. (Creator), Forer, L. (Creator), Scholz, M. (Creator), Galesloot, T. E. (Creator), Bradfield, J. P. (Creator), Ruotsalainen, S. E. (Creator), Daw, E. (Creator), Zmuda, J. M. (Creator), Mitchell, J. S. (Creator), Fuchsberger, C. (Creator), Christensen, H. (Creator), Brody, J. A. (Creator), Vazquez-Moreno, M. (Creator), Feitosa, M. F. (Creator), Wojczynski, M. K. (Creator), Wang, Z. (Creator), Preuss, M. H. (Creator), Mangino, M. (Creator), Christofidou, P. (Creator), Verweij, N. (Creator), Benjamins, J. W. (Creator), Engmann, J. (Creator), Tsao, N. L. (Creator), Verma, A. (Creator), Slieker, R. C. (Creator), Lo, K. S. (Creator), Zilhao, N. R. (Creator), Le, P. (Creator), Kleber, M. E. (Creator), Delgado, G. E. (Creator), Huo, S. (Creator), Ikeda, D. D. (Creator), Iha, H. (Creator), Yang, J. (Creator), Liu, J. (Creator), Demirkan, A. (Creator), Leonard, H. L. (Creator), Marten, J. (Creator), Frank, M. (Creator), Schmidt, B. (Creator), Smyth, L. J. (Creator), Cañadas-Garre, M. (Creator), Wang, C. (Creator), Nakatochi, M. (Creator), Wong, A. (Creator), Hutri-Kähönen, N. (Creator), Sim, X. (Creator), Xia, R. (Creator), Huerta-Chagoya, A. (Creator), Fernandez-Lopez, J. C. (Creator), Lyssenko, V. (Creator), Nongmaithem, S. S. (Creator), Bayyana, S. (Creator), Stringham, H. M. (Creator), Irvin, M. R. (Creator), Oldmeadow, C. (Creator), Kim, H. N. (Creator), Ryu, S. (Creator), Timmers, P. R. H. J. (Creator), Arbeeva, L. (Creator), Dorajoo, R. (Creator), Lange, L. A. (Creator), Prasad, G. (Creator), Lorés-Motta, L. (Creator), Pauper, M. (Creator), Long, J. (Creator), Li, X. (Creator), Theusch, E. (Creator), Takeuchi, F. (Creator), Spracklen, C. N. (Creator), Loukola, A. (Creator), Bollepalli, S. (Creator), Warner, S. C. (Creator), Wang, Y. X. (Creator), Wei, W. B. (Creator), Nutile, T. (Creator), Ruggiero, D. (Creator), Sung, Y. J. (Creator), Chen, S. (Creator), Liu, F. (Creator), Yang, J. (Creator), Kentistou, K. A. (Creator), Banas, B. (Creator), Nardone, G. G. (Creator), Meidtner, K. (Creator), Bielak, L. F. (Creator), Smith, J. A. (Creator), Hebbar, P. (Creator), Farmaki, A. E. (Creator), Hofer, E. (Creator), Lin, M. (Creator), Concas, M. P. (Creator), Vaccargiu, S. (Creator), van der Most, P. J. (Creator), Pitkänen, N. (Creator), Cade, B. E. (Creator), van der Laan, S. W. (Creator), Chitrala, K. N. (Creator), Weiss, S. (Creator), Bentley, A. R. (Creator), Doumatey, A. P. (Creator), Adeyemo, A. (Creator), Lee, J. Y. (Creator), Petersen, E. R. B. (Creator), Nielsen, A. A. (Creator), Choi, H. S. (Creator), Nethander, M. (Creator), Freitag-Wolf, S. (Creator), Southam, L. (Creator), Rayner, N. W. (Creator), Wang, C. A. (Creator), Lin, S. Y. (Creator), Wang, J. S. (Creator), Couture, C. (Creator), Lyytikäinen, L. P. (Creator), Nikus, K. (Creator), Cuellar-Partida, G. (Creator), Vestergaard, H. (Creator), Hidalgo, B. (Creator), Giannakopoulou, O. (Creator), Cai, Q. (Creator), Obura, M. O. (Creator), van Setten, J. (Creator), Li, X. (Creator), Liang, J. (Creator), Tang, H. (Creator), Terzikhan, N. (Creator), Shin, J. H. (Creator), Jackson, R. (Creator), Reiner, A. P. (Creator), Martin, L. W. (Creator), Chen, Z. (Creator), Li, L. (Creator), Kawaguchi, T. (Creator), Thiery, J. (Creator), Bis, J. C. (Creator), Launer, L. J. (Creator), Li, H. (Creator), Nalls, M. A. (Creator), Raitakari, O. T. (Creator), Ichihara, S. (Creator), Wild, S. H. (Creator), Nelson, C. P. (Creator), Campbell, H. (Creator), Jäger, S. (Creator), Nabika, T. (Creator), Al-Mulla, F. (Creator), Niinikoski, H. (Creator), Braund, P. S. (Creator), Kolcic, I. (Creator), Kovacs, P. (Creator), Giardoglou, T. (Creator), Katsuya, T. (Creator), de Kleijn, D. (Creator), de Borst, G. J. (Creator), Kim, E. K. (Creator), Adams, H. H. H. (Creator), Ikram, M. A. (Creator), Zhu, X. (Creator), Asselbergs, F. W. (Creator), Kraaijeveld, A. O. (Creator), Beulens, J. W. J. (Creator), Shu, X. (Creator), Rallidis, L. S. (Creator), Pedersen, O. (Creator), Hansen, T. (Creator), Mitchell, P. (Creator), Hewitt, A. W. (Creator), Kahonen, M. (Creator), Pérusse, L. (Creator), Bouchard, C. (Creator), Tönjes, A. (Creator), Chen, Y. D. I. (Creator), Pennell, C. E. (Creator), Mori, T. (Creator), Lieb, W. (Creator), Franke, A. (Creator), Ohlsson, C. (Creator), Mellström, D. (Creator), Cho, Y. S. (Creator), Lee, H. (Creator), Yuan, J. M. (Creator), Koh, W. (Creator), Rhee, S. Y. (Creator), Woo, J. (Creator), Heid, I. M. (Creator), Stark, K. J. (Creator), Zimmermann, M. E. (Creator), Völzke, H. (Creator), Homuth, G. (Creator), Evans, M. K. (Creator), Zonderman, A. B. (Creator), Polasek, O. (Creator), Pasterkamp, G. (Creator), Hoefer, I. E. (Creator), Redline, S. (Creator), Pahkala, K. (Creator), Oldehinkel, A. J. (Creator), Snieder, H. (Creator), Biino, G. (Creator), Schmidt, R. (Creator), Schmidt, H. (Creator), Bandinelli, S. (Creator), Dedoussis, G. (Creator), Thanaraj, T. A. (Creator), Kardia, S. L. R. (Creator), Peyser, P. A. (Creator), Kato, N. (Creator), Schulze, M. B. (Creator), Girotto, G. (Creator), Boeger, C. A. (Creator), Jung, B. (Creator), Joshi, P. K. (Creator), Bennett, D. A. (Creator), De Jager, P. L. (Creator), Lu, X. (Creator), Mamakou, V. (Creator), Brown, M. (Creator), Caulfield, M. J. (Creator), Munroe, P. B. (Creator), Guo, X. (Creator), Ciullo, M. (Creator), Jonas, J. B. (Creator), Samani, N. J. (Creator), Kaprio, J. (Creator), Pajukanta, P. (Creator), Tusié-Luna, T. (Creator), Aguilar-Salinas, C. A. (Creator), Adair, L. S. (Creator), Bechayda, S. A. (Creator), de Silva, H. J. (Creator), Wickremasinghe, A. R. (Creator), Krauss, R. M. (Creator), Wu, J. Y. (Creator), Zheng, W. (Creator), Hollander, A. I. (Creator), Bharadwaj, D. (Creator), Correa, A. (Creator), Wilson, J. G. (Creator), Lind, L. (Creator), Heng, C. (Creator), Nelson, A. E. (Creator), Golightly, Y. M. (Creator), Wilson, J. F. (Creator), Penninx, B. (Creator), Kim, H. L. (Creator), Attia, J. (Creator), Scott, R. J. (Creator), Rao, D. C. (Creator), Arnett, D. K. (Creator), Hunt, S. C. (Creator), Walker, M. (Creator), Koistinen, H. A. (Creator), Chandak, G. R. (Creator), Mercader, J. M. (Creator), Costanzo, M. C. (Creator), Jang, D. (Creator), Burtt, N. P. (Creator), Villalpando, C. G. (Creator), Orozco, L. (Creator), Fornage, M. (Creator), Tai, E. (Creator), Van Dam, R. M. (Creator), Lehtimäki, T. (Creator), Chaturvedi, N. (Creator), Yokota, M. (Creator), Liu, J. (Creator), Reilly, D. F. (Creator), McKnight, A. J. (Creator), Kee, F. (Creator), Jöckel, K. (Creator), McCarthy, M. I. (Creator), Palmer, C. N. A. (Creator), Vitart, V. (Creator), Hayward, C. (Creator), Simonsick, E. (Creator), van Duijn, C. M. (Creator), Jin, Z. (Creator), Qu, J. (Creator), Hishigaki, H. (Creator), Lin, X. (Creator), März, W. (Creator), Gudnason, V. (Creator), Tardif, J. (Creator), Lettre, G. (Creator), Hart, L. M. ‘. (Creator), Elders, P. J. M. (Creator), Damrauer, S. M. (Creator), Kumari, M. (Creator), Kivimaki, M. (Creator), van der Harst, P. (Creator), Spector, T. D. (Creator), Loos, R. J. F. (Creator), Province, M. A. (Creator), Parra, E. J. (Creator), Cruz, M. (Creator), Psaty, B. M. (Creator), Brandslund, I. (Creator), Pramstaller, P. P. (Creator), Rotimi, C. N. (Creator), Christensen, K. (Creator), Ripatti, S. (Creator), Widén, E. (Creator), Hakonarson, H. (Creator), Grant, S. F. A. (Creator), Kiemeney, L. A. L. M. (Creator), de Graaf, J. (Creator), Loeffler, M. (Creator), Kronenberg, F. (Creator), Gu, D. (Creator), Erdmann, J. (Creator), Schunkert, H. (Creator), Franks, P. W. (Creator), Linneberg, A. (Creator), Jukema, J. W. (Creator), Khera, A. V. (Creator), Männikkö, M. (Creator), Jarvelin, M. (Creator), Kutalik, Z. (Creator), Cucca, F. (Creator), Mook-Kanamori, D. O. (Creator), van Dijk, K. W. (Creator), Watkins, H. (Creator), Strachan, D. P. (Creator), Grarup, N. (Creator), Sever, P. (Creator), Poulter, N. (Creator), Chuang, L. (Creator), Rotter, J. I. (Creator), Dantoft, T. M. (Creator), Karpe, F. (Creator), Neville, M. J. (Creator), Timpson, N. J. (Creator), Cheng, C. Y. (Creator), Wong, T. (Creator), Khor, C. C. (Creator), Li, H. (Creator), Sabanayagam, C. (Creator), Peters, A. (Creator), Gieger, C. (Creator), Hattersley, A. T. (Creator), Pedersen, N. L. (Creator), Magnusson, P. K. E. (Creator), Boomsma, D. I. (Creator), Willemsen, A. H. M. (Creator), Cupples, L. (Creator), Van Meurs, J. B. (Creator), Ghanbari, M. (Creator), Gordon-Larsen, P. (Creator), Huang, W. (Creator), Kim, Y. J. (Creator), Tabara, Y. (Creator), Wareham, N. J. (Creator), Langenberg, C. (Creator), Zeggini, E. (Creator), Kuusisto, J. (Creator), Laakso, M. (Creator), Ingelsson, E. (Creator), Abecasis, G. (Creator), Chambers, J. C. (Creator), Kooner, J. S. (Creator), de Vries, P. S. (Creator), Morrison, A. C. (Creator), Hazelhurst, S. (Creator), Ramsay, M. (Creator), North, K. E. (Creator), Daviglus, M. (Creator), Kraft, P. (Creator), Martin, N. G. (Creator), Whitfield, J. B. (Creator), Abbas, S. (Creator), Saleheen, D. (Creator), Walters, R. G. (Creator), Holmes, M. V. (Creator), Black, C. (Creator), Smith, B. H. (Creator), Baras, A. (Creator), Justice, A. E. (Creator), Buring, J. E. (Creator), Ridker, P. M. (Creator), Chasman, D. I. (Creator), Kooperberg, C. (Creator), Tamiya, G. (Creator), Yamamoto, M. (Creator), van Heel, D. A. (Creator), Trembath, R. C. (Creator), Wei, W. (Creator), Jarvik, G. P. (Creator), Namjou, B. (Creator), Hayes, M. G. (Creator), Ritchie, M. D. (Creator), Jousilahti, P. (Creator), Salomaa, V. (Creator), Hveem, K. (Creator), Åsvold, B. O. (Creator), Kubo, M. (Creator), Kamatani, Y. (Creator), Okada, Y. (Creator), Murakami, Y. (Creator), Kim, B. (Creator), Thorsteinsdottir, U. (Creator), Stefansson, K. (Creator), Zhang, J. (Creator), Chen, Y. (Creator), Ho, Y. L. (Creator), Lynch, J. A. (Creator), Rader, D. J. (Creator), Tsao, P. S. (Creator), Chang, K. M. (Creator), Cho, K. (Creator), O’Donnell, C. J. (Creator), Gaziano, J. M. (Creator), Wilson, P. W. F. (Creator), Frayling, T. M. (Creator), Hirschhorn, J. N. (Creator), Kathiresan, S. (Creator), Mohlke, K. L. (Creator), Sun, Y. V. (Creator), Morris, A. P. (Creator), Boehnke, M. (Creator), Brown, C. D. (Creator), Natarajan, P. (Creator), Deloukas, P. (Creator), Willer, C. J. (Creator), Assimes, T. L. (Creator) & Peloso, G. M. (Creator), Figshare, 13 Apr 2023

    Dataset

  • Additional file 5 of Implicating genes, pleiotropy, and sexual dimorphism at blood lipid loci through multi-ancestry meta-analysis

    Kanoni, S. (Creator), Graham, S. E. (Creator), Wang, Y. (Creator), Surakka, I. (Creator), Ramdas, S. (Creator), Zhu, X. (Creator), Clarke, S. L. (Creator), Bhatti, K. F. (Creator), Vedantam, S. L. (Creator), Winkler, T. W. (Creator), Locke, A. E. (Creator), Marouli, E. (Creator), Zajac, G. J. M. (Creator), Wu, K. H. (Creator), Ntalla, I. (Creator), Hui, Q. (Creator), Klarin, D. (Creator), Hilliard, A. T. (Creator), Wang, Z. (Creator), Xue, C. (Creator), Thorleifsson, G. (Creator), Helgadottir, A. (Creator), Gudbjartsson, D. F. (Creator), Holm, H. (Creator), Olafsson, I. (Creator), Hwang, M. Y. (Creator), Han, S. (Creator), Akiyama, M. (Creator), Sakaue, S. (Creator), Terao, C. (Creator), Kanai, M. (Creator), Zhou, W. (Creator), Brumpton, B. M. (Creator), Rasheed, H. (Creator), Havulinna, A. S. (Creator), Veturi, Y. (Creator), Pacheco, J. A. (Creator), Rosenthal, E. A. (Creator), Lingren, T. (Creator), Feng, Q. (Creator), Kullo, I. J. (Creator), Narita, A. (Creator), Takayama, J. 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(Creator), Boomsma, D. I. (Creator), Willemsen, A. H. M. (Creator), Cupples, L. A. (Creator), Van Meurs, J. B. (Creator), Ghanbari, M. (Creator), Gordon-Larsen, P. (Creator), Huang, W. (Creator), Kim, Y. J. (Creator), Tabara, Y. (Creator), Wareham, N. J. (Creator), Langenberg, C. (Creator), Zeggini, E. (Creator), Kuusisto, J. (Creator), Laakso, M. (Creator), Ingelsson, E. (Creator), Abecasis, G. (Creator), Chambers, J. C. (Creator), Kooner, J. S. (Creator), de Vries, P. S. (Creator), Morrison, A. C. (Creator), Hazelhurst, S. (Creator), Ramsay, M. (Creator), North, K. E. (Creator), Daviglus, M. (Creator), Kraft, P. (Creator), Martin, N. G. (Creator), Whitfield, J. B. (Creator), Abbas, S. (Creator), Saleheen, D. (Creator), Walters, R. G. (Creator), Holmes, M. V. (Creator), Black, C. (Creator), Smith, B. H. (Creator), Baras, A. (Creator), Justice, A. E. (Creator), Buring, J. E. (Creator), Ridker, P. M. (Creator), Chasman, D. I. (Creator), Kooperberg, C. (Creator), Tamiya, G. (Creator), Yamamoto, M. (Creator), van Heel, D. A. (Creator), Trembath, R. C. (Creator), Wei, W. (Creator), Jarvik, G. P. (Creator), Namjou, B. (Creator), Hayes, M. G. (Creator), Ritchie, M. D. (Creator), Jousilahti, P. (Creator), Salomaa, V. (Creator), Hveem, K. (Creator), Åsvold, B. O. (Creator), Kubo, M. (Creator), Kamatani, Y. (Creator), Okada, Y. (Creator), Murakami, Y. (Creator), Kim, B. (Creator), Thorsteinsdottir, U. (Creator), Stefansson, K. (Creator), Zhang, J. (Creator), Chen, Y. (Creator), Ho, Y. L. (Creator), Lynch, J. A. (Creator), Rader, D. J. (Creator), Tsao, P. S. (Creator), Chang, K. M. (Creator), Cho, K. (Creator), O'Donnell, C. J. (Creator), Gaziano, J. M. (Creator), Wilson, P. W. F. (Creator), Frayling, T. M. (Creator), Hirschhorn, J. N. (Creator), Kathiresan, S. (Creator), Mohlke, K. L. (Creator), Sun, Y. V. (Creator), Morris, A. P. (Creator), Boehnke, M. (Creator), Brown, C. D. (Creator), Natarajan, P. (Creator), Deloukas, P. (Creator), Willer, C. J. (Creator), Assimes, T. L. (Creator) & Peloso, G. M. (Creator), Figshare, 13 Apr 2023

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