Impact of adherence to surgical and non-surgical components of infective endocarditis guidelines and recommendations

Background: Infective endocarditis (IE) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Non-adherence to IE guidelines and recommendations is frequent, and may adversely impact patient outcomes. Aim: To assess the impact of non-adherence to components of existing IE guidelines and recommendations on a composite outcome consisting of any of the following: mortality, unplanned cardiac surgery, embolic event or relapse of positive blood culture within six months of diagnosis. Methods: A single centre, retrospective cohort study. Results: Amongst 157 patients, there was inconsistent adherence to: initial diagnosis of an infective condition (87%), timely administration of antimicrobial therapy (82%), appropriateness of predominant antimicrobial regime (94%), appropriate management of the portal of entry (86%), multidisciplinary input (75%), end of antimicrobial therapy repeat echocardiography (60%) and adherence to indications for surgery (76%). Inpatient mortality was 12.1% (n = 19) and the composite adverse outcome occurred in 36 (22.9%) patients. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, infection of prosthetic device (adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval]; 2.43 [1.07–5.50]) and non-adherence to surgical guidelines (aOR 3.67 [1.60–8.47]) were significantly associated with an adverse outcome. Conclusions: Our data suggests that adherence to differing components of IE management guidelines and recommendations varies and that non-adherence to surgical aspects of guidelines has the biggest impact in determining outcomes.