TY - JOUR
T1 - Immune response to SARS-CoV-2 variants
T2 - A focus on severity, susceptibility, and preexisting immunity
AU - Alefishat, Eman
AU - Jelinek, Herbert F.
AU - Mousa, Mira
AU - Tay, Guan K.
AU - Alsafar, Habiba S.
PY - 2022/2
Y1 - 2022/2
N2 - The heterogeneous phenotypes among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has drawn worldwide attention, especially those with severe symptoms without comorbid conditions. Immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative virus of COVID-19, occur mainly by the innate immune response via the interferon (IFN)-mediated pathways, and the adaptive immunity via the T lymphocyte and the antibody mediated pathways. The ability of the original Wuhan SARS-CoV-2 strain, and possibly more so with new emerging variants, to antagonize IFN-mediated antiviral responses can be behind the higher early viral load, higher transmissibility, and milder symptoms compared to SARS-CoV and are part of the continued clinical evolution of COVID-19. Since it first emerged, several variants of SARS-CoV-2 have been circulating worldwide. Variants that have the potential to elude natural or vaccine-mediated immunity are variants of concern. This review focuses on the main host factors that may explain the immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and its variants in the context of susceptibility, severity, and preexisting immunity.
AB - The heterogeneous phenotypes among patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has drawn worldwide attention, especially those with severe symptoms without comorbid conditions. Immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative virus of COVID-19, occur mainly by the innate immune response via the interferon (IFN)-mediated pathways, and the adaptive immunity via the T lymphocyte and the antibody mediated pathways. The ability of the original Wuhan SARS-CoV-2 strain, and possibly more so with new emerging variants, to antagonize IFN-mediated antiviral responses can be behind the higher early viral load, higher transmissibility, and milder symptoms compared to SARS-CoV and are part of the continued clinical evolution of COVID-19. Since it first emerged, several variants of SARS-CoV-2 have been circulating worldwide. Variants that have the potential to elude natural or vaccine-mediated immunity are variants of concern. This review focuses on the main host factors that may explain the immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and its variants in the context of susceptibility, severity, and preexisting immunity.
KW - Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE)
KW - COVID-19
KW - Cross-reactivity
KW - SARS-CoV-2
KW - Severity
KW - Variants of concern
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85123087685&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.01.007
DO - 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.01.007
M3 - Review article
C2 - 35074728
AN - SCOPUS:85123087685
SN - 1876-0341
VL - 15
SP - 277
EP - 288
JO - Journal of Infection and Public Health
JF - Journal of Infection and Public Health
IS - 2
ER -
