Guar gum, Ulva lactuca L. biomass, and xanthan gum-based copolymer novel biosorbent for adsorptive removal of acid orange 10

The textile industry's wastewater discharge into water bodies has become a significant environmental concern due to its toxicity and adverse impact on the ecosystem. In response, this study presents the development of a highly effective adsorbent (GG@ULB@XG composites) by employing guar gum (GG), Ulva lactuca L. biomass (ULB), and xanthan gum (XG), using the ionic gelation method. Various characterization techniques including XRD, SEM, TGA, Zeta Sizer, Zeta Potential, BET, FTIR, and Point of Zero charge (pH_PZC) were utilized to analyze the properties of the GG@ULB@XG composites. The removal efficiency of the composite for Acid Orange 10 dye was found to be exceptional, achieving a remarkable 93% removal rate. Optimal adsorption parameters were determined, including initial AO10 concentration (100 ppm), temperature (298K), pH (3), adsorbent concentration (100 mg), and contact time (15 min) at 480 λ_max. The thermodynamic analysis provided valuable insights into the thermal stability of the adsorbent. Additionally, a comprehensive investigation of adsorption isotherms (linear and non-linear), such as Elovich, Freundlich, D-R, Langmuir, and Temkin Isotherms, was conducted to better understand the adsorption behavior. Various linear and non-linear adsorption kinetics models, including Elovich, first-order, interparticle diffusion, and second-order kinetic models, were employed to gain deeper insights into the chemistry of the adsorption process. This study highlights the potential of GG@ULB@XG composites as an effective and environmentally friendly solution for water treatment and dye removal in industrial wastewater and sets a foundation for future studies in the field of environmental remediation.