Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

M. Ng; T.D. Fleming; M. Robinson; B. Thomson; N. Graetz; C. Margono; E.C. Mullany; S. Biryukov; C. Abbafati; S.F. Abera; J.P. Abraham; N.M.E. Abu-Rmeileh; T.N. Achoki; F.S. Albuhairan; Z.A. Alemu; R. Alfonso; M.K. Ali; R. Ali; N.A. Guzmán; W. Ammar; P. Anwari; A. Banerjee; S.B. Barquera; S. Basu; D.A. Bennett; Z.A. Bhutta; J.D. Blore; N.L. Cabral; I.C. Nonato; J. Chang; R. Chowdhury; K.J. Courville; M.H. Criqui; D.K. Cundiff; K.C. Dabhadkar; L. Dandona; A.L. Davis; A. Dayama; S.D. Dharmaratne; E. Ding; A.M. Durrani; A.R. Esteghamati; F. Farzadfar; D.F.J. Fay; V.L. Feigin; A.D. Flaxman; M.H.R. Forouzanfar; A. Goto; M.A. Green; R.K. Gupta; N. Hafezi-Nejad; Graeme J. Hankey; H.C. Harewood; R. Havmoeller; S.I. Hay; L. Hernández; A.S. Husseini; B.T. Idrisov; N. Ikeda; F. Islami; E.C. Jahangir; S.K. Jassal; S. Jee; M. Jeffreys; J.B. Jonas; E.K. Kabagambe; S.E.A.H. Khalifa; A.P. Kengne; Y.S. Khader; Y. Khang; D. Kim; R.W. Kimokoti; J.M. Kinge; Y. Kokubo; S. Kosen; G. Kwan; T. Lai; M. Leinsalu; Y. Li; X. Liang; S. Liu; G.C. Logroscino; P.A. Lotufo; Y. Lu; J. Ma; N.K. Mainoo; G.A. Mensah; T.R. Merriman; A.H. Mokdad; J. Moschandreas; M. Naghavi; A. Naheed; D. Nand; K.M.V. Narayan; E.L. Nelson; M.L. Neuhouser; M.I. Nisar; T. Ohkubo; S.O. Oti; A. Pedroza; D. Prabhakaran; N. Roy; U.K.A. Sampson; H. Seo; S.G. Sepanlou; K. Shibuya; R. Shiri; I. Shiue; G.M. Singh; J.A. Singh; V. Skirbekk; N.J.C. Stapelberg; L. Sturua; B.L. Sykes; M. Tobias; B.X. Tran; L. Trasande; H. Toyoshima; S.J.M. Van De Vijver; T.J. Vasankari; J.L. Veerman; G.G. Velásquez-Meléndez; V.V. Vlassov; S.E. Vollset; T. Vos; C. Wang; X. Wang; E. Weiderpass; A. Werdecker; J.L. Wright; Y.C. Yang; H. Yatsuya; J. Yoon; S. Yoon; Y. Zhao; M. Zhou; S. Zhu; A.D. Lopez; C.J.L. Murray; E.E. Gakidou

doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60460-8

Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

M. Ng, T.D. Fleming, M. Robinson, B. Thomson, N. Graetz, C. Margono, E.C. Mullany, S. Biryukov, C. Abbafati, S.F. Abera, J.P. Abraham, N.M.E. Abu-Rmeileh, T.N. Achoki, F.S. Albuhairan, Z.A. Alemu, R. Alfonso, M.K. Ali, R. Ali, N.A. Guzmán, W. AmmarP. Anwari, A. Banerjee, S.B. Barquera, S. Basu, D.A. Bennett, Z.A. Bhutta, J.D. Blore, N.L. Cabral, I.C. Nonato, J. Chang, R. Chowdhury, K.J. Courville, M.H. Criqui, D.K. Cundiff, K.C. Dabhadkar, L. Dandona, A.L. Davis, A. Dayama, S.D. Dharmaratne, E. Ding, A.M. Durrani, A.R. Esteghamati, F. Farzadfar, D.F.J. Fay, V.L. Feigin, A.D. Flaxman, M.H.R. Forouzanfar, A. Goto, M.A. Green, R.K. Gupta, N. Hafezi-Nejad, Graeme J. Hankey, H.C. Harewood, R. Havmoeller, S.I. Hay, L. Hernández, A.S. Husseini, B.T. Idrisov, N. Ikeda, F. Islami, E.C. Jahangir, S.K. Jassal, S. Jee, M. Jeffreys, J.B. Jonas, E.K. Kabagambe, S.E.A.H. Khalifa, A.P. Kengne, Y.S. Khader, Y. Khang, D. Kim, R.W. Kimokoti, J.M. Kinge, Y. Kokubo, S. Kosen, G. Kwan, T. Lai, M. Leinsalu, Y. Li, X. Liang, S. Liu, G.C. Logroscino, P.A. Lotufo, Y. Lu, J. Ma, N.K. Mainoo, G.A. Mensah, T.R. Merriman, A.H. Mokdad, J. Moschandreas, M. Naghavi, A. Naheed, D. Nand, K.M.V. Narayan, E.L. Nelson, M.L. Neuhouser, M.I. Nisar, T. Ohkubo, S.O. Oti, A. Pedroza, D. Prabhakaran, N. Roy, U.K.A. Sampson, H. Seo, S.G. Sepanlou, K. Shibuya, R. Shiri, I. Shiue, G.M. Singh, J.A. Singh, V. Skirbekk, N.J.C. Stapelberg, L. Sturua, B.L. Sykes, M. Tobias, B.X. Tran, L. Trasande, H. Toyoshima, S.J.M. Van De Vijver, T.J. Vasankari, J.L. Veerman, G.G. Velásquez-Meléndez, V.V. Vlassov, S.E. Vollset, T. Vos, C. Wang, X. Wang, E. Weiderpass, A. Werdecker, J.L. Wright, Y.C. Yang, H. Yatsuya, J. Yoon, S. Yoon, Y. Zhao, M. Zhou, S. Zhu, A.D. Lopez, C.J.L. Murray, E.E. Gakidou

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Abstract

Background In 2010, overweight and obesity were estimated to cause 3·4 million deaths, 3·9% of years of life lost, and 3·8% of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) worldwide. The rise in obesity has led to widespread calls for regular monitoring of changes in overweight and obesity prevalence in all populations. Comparable, up-to-date information about levels and trends is essential to quantify population health effects and to prompt decision makers to prioritise action. We estimate the global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013. Methods We systematically identified surveys, reports, and published studies (n=1769) that included data for height and weight, both through physical measurements and self-reports. We used mixed effects linear regression to correct for bias in self-reports. We obtained data for prevalence of obesity and overweight by age, sex, country, and year (n=19 244) with a spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression model to estimate prevalence with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). Findings Worldwide, the proportion of adults with a body-mass index (BMI) of 25 kg/m2 or greater increased between 1980 and 2013 from 28·8% (95% UI 28·4-29·3) to 36·9% (36·3-37·4) in men, and from 29·8% (29·3- 30·2) to 38·0% (37·5-38·5) in women. Prevalence has increased substantially in children and adolescents in developed countries; 23·8% (22·9-24·7) of boys and 22·6% (21·7-23·6) of girls were overweight or obese in 2013. The prevalence of overweight and obesity has also increased in children and adolescents in developing countries, from 8·1% (7·7-8·6) to 12·9% (12·3-13·5) in 2013 for boys and from 8·4% (8·1-8·8) to 13·4% (13·0-13·9) in girls. In adults, estimated prevalence of obesity exceeded 50% in men in Tonga and in women in Kuwait, Kiribati, Federated States of Micronesia, Libya, Qatar, Tonga, and Samoa. Since 2006, the increase in adult obesity in developed countries has slowed down. Interpretation Because of the established health risks and substantial increases in prevalence, obesity has become a major global health challenge. Not only is obesity increasing, but no national success stories have been reported in the past 33 years. Urgent global action and leadership is needed to help countries to more effectively intervene. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	766-781
Journal	The Lancet
Volume	384
Issue number	9945
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60460-8
Publication status	Published - Aug 2014

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10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60460-8

Cite this

Ng, M., Fleming, T. D., Robinson, M., Thomson, B., Graetz, N., Margono, C., Mullany, E. C., Biryukov, S., Abbafati, C., Abera, S. F., Abraham, J. P., Abu-Rmeileh, N. M. E., Achoki, T. N., Albuhairan, F. S., Alemu, Z. A., Alfonso, R., Ali, M. K., Ali, R., Guzmán, N. A., ... Gakidou, E. E. (2014). Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. The Lancet, 384(9945), 766-781. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60460-8

@article{d60b0dba317e43e0b739ea46e5da0225,

title = "Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013",

abstract = "Background In 2010, overweight and obesity were estimated to cause 3·4 million deaths, 3·9% of years of life lost, and 3·8% of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) worldwide. The rise in obesity has led to widespread calls for regular monitoring of changes in overweight and obesity prevalence in all populations. Comparable, up-to-date information about levels and trends is essential to quantify population health effects and to prompt decision makers to prioritise action. We estimate the global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013. Methods We systematically identified surveys, reports, and published studies (n=1769) that included data for height and weight, both through physical measurements and self-reports. We used mixed effects linear regression to correct for bias in self-reports. We obtained data for prevalence of obesity and overweight by age, sex, country, and year (n=19 244) with a spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression model to estimate prevalence with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). Findings Worldwide, the proportion of adults with a body-mass index (BMI) of 25 kg/m2 or greater increased between 1980 and 2013 from 28·8% (95% UI 28·4-29·3) to 36·9% (36·3-37·4) in men, and from 29·8% (29·3- 30·2) to 38·0% (37·5-38·5) in women. Prevalence has increased substantially in children and adolescents in developed countries; 23·8% (22·9-24·7) of boys and 22·6% (21·7-23·6) of girls were overweight or obese in 2013. The prevalence of overweight and obesity has also increased in children and adolescents in developing countries, from 8·1% (7·7-8·6) to 12·9% (12·3-13·5) in 2013 for boys and from 8·4% (8·1-8·8) to 13·4% (13·0-13·9) in girls. In adults, estimated prevalence of obesity exceeded 50% in men in Tonga and in women in Kuwait, Kiribati, Federated States of Micronesia, Libya, Qatar, Tonga, and Samoa. Since 2006, the increase in adult obesity in developed countries has slowed down. Interpretation Because of the established health risks and substantial increases in prevalence, obesity has become a major global health challenge. Not only is obesity increasing, but no national success stories have been reported in the past 33 years. Urgent global action and leadership is needed to help countries to more effectively intervene. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. {\textcopyright} 2014 Elsevier Ltd.",

author = "M. Ng and T.D. Fleming and M. Robinson and B. Thomson and N. Graetz and C. Margono and E.C. Mullany and S. Biryukov and C. Abbafati and S.F. Abera and J.P. Abraham and N.M.E. Abu-Rmeileh and T.N. Achoki and F.S. Albuhairan and Z.A. Alemu and R. Alfonso and M.K. Ali and R. Ali and N.A. Guzm{\'a}n and W. Ammar and P. Anwari and A. Banerjee and S.B. Barquera and S. Basu and D.A. Bennett and Z.A. Bhutta and J.D. Blore and N.L. Cabral and I.C. Nonato and J. Chang and R. Chowdhury and K.J. Courville and M.H. Criqui and D.K. Cundiff and K.C. Dabhadkar and L. Dandona and A.L. Davis and A. Dayama and S.D. Dharmaratne and E. Ding and A.M. Durrani and A.R. Esteghamati and F. Farzadfar and D.F.J. Fay and V.L. Feigin and A.D. Flaxman and M.H.R. Forouzanfar and A. Goto and M.A. Green and R.K. Gupta and N. Hafezi-Nejad and Hankey, {Graeme J.} and H.C. Harewood and R. Havmoeller and S.I. Hay and L. Hern{\'a}ndez and A.S. Husseini and B.T. Idrisov and N. Ikeda and F. Islami and E.C. Jahangir and S.K. Jassal and S. Jee and M. Jeffreys and J.B. Jonas and E.K. Kabagambe and S.E.A.H. Khalifa and A.P. Kengne and Y.S. Khader and Y. Khang and D. Kim and R.W. Kimokoti and J.M. Kinge and Y. Kokubo and S. Kosen and G. Kwan and T. Lai and M. Leinsalu and Y. Li and X. Liang and S. Liu and G.C. Logroscino and P.A. Lotufo and Y. Lu and J. Ma and N.K. Mainoo and G.A. Mensah and T.R. Merriman and A.H. Mokdad and J. Moschandreas and M. Naghavi and A. Naheed and D. Nand and K.M.V. Narayan and E.L. Nelson and M.L. Neuhouser and M.I. Nisar and T. Ohkubo and S.O. Oti and A. Pedroza and D. Prabhakaran and N. Roy and U.K.A. Sampson and H. Seo and S.G. Sepanlou and K. Shibuya and R. Shiri and I. Shiue and G.M. Singh and J.A. Singh and V. Skirbekk and N.J.C. Stapelberg and L. Sturua and B.L. Sykes and M. Tobias and B.X. Tran and L. Trasande and H. Toyoshima and {Van De Vijver}, S.J.M. and T.J. Vasankari and J.L. Veerman and G.G. Vel{\'a}squez-Mel{\'e}ndez and V.V. Vlassov and S.E. Vollset and T. Vos and C. Wang and X. Wang and E. Weiderpass and A. Werdecker and J.L. Wright and Y.C. Yang and H. Yatsuya and J. Yoon and S. Yoon and Y. Zhao and M. Zhou and S. Zhu and A.D. Lopez and C.J.L. Murray and E.E. Gakidou",

year = "2014",

month = aug,

doi = "10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60460-8",

language = "English",

volume = "384",

pages = "766--781",

journal = "The Lancet",

issn = "0140-6736",

publisher = "Academic Press",

number = "9945",

}

Ng, M, Fleming, TD, Robinson, M, Thomson, B, Graetz, N, Margono, C, Mullany, EC, Biryukov, S, Abbafati, C, Abera, SF, Abraham, JP, Abu-Rmeileh, NME, Achoki, TN, Albuhairan, FS, Alemu, ZA, Alfonso, R, Ali, MK, Ali, R, Guzmán, NA, Ammar, W, Anwari, P, Banerjee, A, Barquera, SB, Basu, S, Bennett, DA, Bhutta, ZA, Blore, JD, Cabral, NL, Nonato, IC, Chang, J, Chowdhury, R, Courville, KJ, Criqui, MH, Cundiff, DK, Dabhadkar, KC, Dandona, L, Davis, AL, Dayama, A, Dharmaratne, SD, Ding, E, Durrani, AM, Esteghamati, AR, Farzadfar, F, Fay, DFJ, Feigin, VL, Flaxman, AD, Forouzanfar, MHR, Goto, A, Green, MA, Gupta, RK, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Hankey, GJ, Harewood, HC, Havmoeller, R, Hay, SI, Hernández, L, Husseini, AS, Idrisov, BT, Ikeda, N, Islami, F, Jahangir, EC, Jassal, SK, Jee, S, Jeffreys, M, Jonas, JB, Kabagambe, EK, Khalifa, SEAH, Kengne, AP, Khader, YS, Khang, Y, Kim, D, Kimokoti, RW, Kinge, JM, Kokubo, Y, Kosen, S, Kwan, G, Lai, T, Leinsalu, M, Li, Y, Liang, X, Liu, S, Logroscino, GC, Lotufo, PA, Lu, Y, Ma, J, Mainoo, NK, Mensah, GA, Merriman, TR, Mokdad, AH, Moschandreas, J, Naghavi, M, Naheed, A, Nand, D, Narayan, KMV, Nelson, EL, Neuhouser, ML, Nisar, MI, Ohkubo, T, Oti, SO, Pedroza, A, Prabhakaran, D, Roy, N, Sampson, UKA, Seo, H, Sepanlou, SG, Shibuya, K, Shiri, R, Shiue, I, Singh, GM, Singh, JA, Skirbekk, V, Stapelberg, NJC, Sturua, L, Sykes, BL, Tobias, M, Tran, BX, Trasande, L, Toyoshima, H, Van De Vijver, SJM, Vasankari, TJ, Veerman, JL, Velásquez-Meléndez, GG, Vlassov, VV, Vollset, SE, Vos, T, Wang, C, Wang, X, Weiderpass, E, Werdecker, A, Wright, JL, Yang, YC, Yatsuya, H, Yoon, J, Yoon, S, Zhao, Y, Zhou, M, Zhu, S, Lopez, AD, Murray, CJL & Gakidou, EE 2014, 'Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013', The Lancet, vol. 384, no. 9945, pp. 766-781. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60460-8

TY - JOUR

T1 - Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

AU - Ng, M.

AU - Fleming, T.D.

AU - Robinson, M.

AU - Thomson, B.

AU - Graetz, N.

AU - Margono, C.

AU - Mullany, E.C.

AU - Biryukov, S.

AU - Abbafati, C.

AU - Abera, S.F.

AU - Abraham, J.P.

AU - Abu-Rmeileh, N.M.E.

AU - Achoki, T.N.

AU - Albuhairan, F.S.

AU - Alemu, Z.A.

AU - Alfonso, R.

AU - Ali, M.K.

AU - Ali, R.

AU - Guzmán, N.A.

AU - Ammar, W.

AU - Anwari, P.

AU - Banerjee, A.

AU - Barquera, S.B.

AU - Basu, S.

AU - Bennett, D.A.

AU - Bhutta, Z.A.

AU - Blore, J.D.

AU - Cabral, N.L.

AU - Nonato, I.C.

AU - Chang, J.

AU - Chowdhury, R.

AU - Courville, K.J.

AU - Criqui, M.H.

AU - Cundiff, D.K.

AU - Dabhadkar, K.C.

AU - Dandona, L.

AU - Davis, A.L.

AU - Dayama, A.

AU - Dharmaratne, S.D.

AU - Ding, E.

AU - Durrani, A.M.

AU - Esteghamati, A.R.

AU - Farzadfar, F.

AU - Fay, D.F.J.

AU - Feigin, V.L.

AU - Flaxman, A.D.

AU - Forouzanfar, M.H.R.

AU - Goto, A.

AU - Green, M.A.

AU - Gupta, R.K.

AU - Hafezi-Nejad, N.

AU - Hankey, Graeme J.

AU - Harewood, H.C.

AU - Havmoeller, R.

AU - Hay, S.I.

AU - Hernández, L.

AU - Husseini, A.S.

AU - Idrisov, B.T.

AU - Ikeda, N.

AU - Islami, F.

AU - Jahangir, E.C.

AU - Jassal, S.K.

AU - Jee, S.

AU - Jeffreys, M.

AU - Jonas, J.B.

AU - Kabagambe, E.K.

AU - Khalifa, S.E.A.H.

AU - Kengne, A.P.

AU - Khader, Y.S.

AU - Khang, Y.

AU - Kim, D.

AU - Kimokoti, R.W.

AU - Kinge, J.M.

AU - Kokubo, Y.

AU - Kosen, S.

AU - Kwan, G.

AU - Lai, T.

AU - Leinsalu, M.

AU - Li, Y.

AU - Liang, X.

AU - Liu, S.

AU - Logroscino, G.C.

AU - Lotufo, P.A.

AU - Lu, Y.

AU - Ma, J.

AU - Mainoo, N.K.

AU - Mensah, G.A.

AU - Merriman, T.R.

AU - Mokdad, A.H.

AU - Moschandreas, J.

AU - Naghavi, M.

AU - Naheed, A.

AU - Nand, D.

AU - Narayan, K.M.V.

AU - Nelson, E.L.

AU - Neuhouser, M.L.

AU - Nisar, M.I.

AU - Ohkubo, T.

AU - Oti, S.O.

AU - Pedroza, A.

AU - Prabhakaran, D.

AU - Roy, N.

AU - Sampson, U.K.A.

AU - Seo, H.

AU - Sepanlou, S.G.

AU - Shibuya, K.

AU - Shiri, R.

AU - Shiue, I.

AU - Singh, G.M.

AU - Singh, J.A.

AU - Skirbekk, V.

AU - Stapelberg, N.J.C.

AU - Sturua, L.

AU - Sykes, B.L.

AU - Tobias, M.

AU - Tran, B.X.

AU - Trasande, L.

AU - Toyoshima, H.

AU - Van De Vijver, S.J.M.

AU - Vasankari, T.J.

AU - Veerman, J.L.

AU - Velásquez-Meléndez, G.G.

AU - Vlassov, V.V.

AU - Vollset, S.E.

AU - Vos, T.

AU - Wang, C.

AU - Wang, X.

AU - Weiderpass, E.

AU - Werdecker, A.

AU - Wright, J.L.

AU - Yang, Y.C.

AU - Yatsuya, H.

AU - Yoon, J.

AU - Yoon, S.

AU - Zhao, Y.

AU - Zhou, M.

AU - Zhu, S.

AU - Lopez, A.D.

AU - Murray, C.J.L.

AU - Gakidou, E.E.

PY - 2014/8

Y1 - 2014/8

N2 - Background In 2010, overweight and obesity were estimated to cause 3·4 million deaths, 3·9% of years of life lost, and 3·8% of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) worldwide. The rise in obesity has led to widespread calls for regular monitoring of changes in overweight and obesity prevalence in all populations. Comparable, up-to-date information about levels and trends is essential to quantify population health effects and to prompt decision makers to prioritise action. We estimate the global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013. Methods We systematically identified surveys, reports, and published studies (n=1769) that included data for height and weight, both through physical measurements and self-reports. We used mixed effects linear regression to correct for bias in self-reports. We obtained data for prevalence of obesity and overweight by age, sex, country, and year (n=19 244) with a spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression model to estimate prevalence with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). Findings Worldwide, the proportion of adults with a body-mass index (BMI) of 25 kg/m2 or greater increased between 1980 and 2013 from 28·8% (95% UI 28·4-29·3) to 36·9% (36·3-37·4) in men, and from 29·8% (29·3- 30·2) to 38·0% (37·5-38·5) in women. Prevalence has increased substantially in children and adolescents in developed countries; 23·8% (22·9-24·7) of boys and 22·6% (21·7-23·6) of girls were overweight or obese in 2013. The prevalence of overweight and obesity has also increased in children and adolescents in developing countries, from 8·1% (7·7-8·6) to 12·9% (12·3-13·5) in 2013 for boys and from 8·4% (8·1-8·8) to 13·4% (13·0-13·9) in girls. In adults, estimated prevalence of obesity exceeded 50% in men in Tonga and in women in Kuwait, Kiribati, Federated States of Micronesia, Libya, Qatar, Tonga, and Samoa. Since 2006, the increase in adult obesity in developed countries has slowed down. Interpretation Because of the established health risks and substantial increases in prevalence, obesity has become a major global health challenge. Not only is obesity increasing, but no national success stories have been reported in the past 33 years. Urgent global action and leadership is needed to help countries to more effectively intervene. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.

AB - Background In 2010, overweight and obesity were estimated to cause 3·4 million deaths, 3·9% of years of life lost, and 3·8% of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) worldwide. The rise in obesity has led to widespread calls for regular monitoring of changes in overweight and obesity prevalence in all populations. Comparable, up-to-date information about levels and trends is essential to quantify population health effects and to prompt decision makers to prioritise action. We estimate the global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013. Methods We systematically identified surveys, reports, and published studies (n=1769) that included data for height and weight, both through physical measurements and self-reports. We used mixed effects linear regression to correct for bias in self-reports. We obtained data for prevalence of obesity and overweight by age, sex, country, and year (n=19 244) with a spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression model to estimate prevalence with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). Findings Worldwide, the proportion of adults with a body-mass index (BMI) of 25 kg/m2 or greater increased between 1980 and 2013 from 28·8% (95% UI 28·4-29·3) to 36·9% (36·3-37·4) in men, and from 29·8% (29·3- 30·2) to 38·0% (37·5-38·5) in women. Prevalence has increased substantially in children and adolescents in developed countries; 23·8% (22·9-24·7) of boys and 22·6% (21·7-23·6) of girls were overweight or obese in 2013. The prevalence of overweight and obesity has also increased in children and adolescents in developing countries, from 8·1% (7·7-8·6) to 12·9% (12·3-13·5) in 2013 for boys and from 8·4% (8·1-8·8) to 13·4% (13·0-13·9) in girls. In adults, estimated prevalence of obesity exceeded 50% in men in Tonga and in women in Kuwait, Kiribati, Federated States of Micronesia, Libya, Qatar, Tonga, and Samoa. Since 2006, the increase in adult obesity in developed countries has slowed down. Interpretation Because of the established health risks and substantial increases in prevalence, obesity has become a major global health challenge. Not only is obesity increasing, but no national success stories have been reported in the past 33 years. Urgent global action and leadership is needed to help countries to more effectively intervene. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.

U2 - 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60460-8

DO - 10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60460-8

M3 - Article

SN - 0140-6736

VL - 384

SP - 766

EP - 781

JO - The Lancet

JF - The Lancet

IS - 9945

ER -

Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

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