Genetic determinants of heel bone properties: Genome-wide association meta-analysis and replication in the GEFOS/GENOMOS consortium

A. Moayyeri, Y. Hsu, D. Karasik, K. Estrada, S. Xiao, C.M. Nielson, P. Srikanth, S.K. Giroux, Scott Wilson, H. Zheng, A.V. Smith, S.R. Pye, P.J. Leo, A. Teumer, J. Hwang, C. Ohlsson, F.E.A. Mcguigan, R.L. Minster, C. Hayward, J.M. Olmos & 110 others L.P. Lyytikäinen, Joshua Lewis, K.M.A. Swart, L. Masi, C.J. Oldmeadow, E.G. Holliday, S. Cheng, N.M. Van Schoor, N.C.W. Harvey, M. Kruk, F.M. Del Greco, W. Igl, O. Trummer, E. Grigoriou, R.N. Luben, C. Liu, Y. Zhou, L.D.W. Oei, C. Medina-Gõmez, J.M. Zmuda, G.J. Tranah, S.J. Brown, F.M.K. Williams, N. Soranzo, J. Jakobsdottir, K. Siggeirsdóttir, K.L. Holliday, A. Hannemann, M. Go, M.E. Garcia, O. Polašek, M.M.L. Laaksonen, Kun Zhu, A.W. Enneman, M.A. Mcevoy, R. Pee, P. Sham, M. Jaworski, A.M. Johansson, A.A. Hicks, P. Płudowski, R.J. Scott, R.A.M. Dhonukshe-Rutten, N.V. Van Der Velde, M. Kaöhönen, J.S.A. Viikari, H. Sievaönen, O.T. Raitakari, J.J. González-Macías, J.L.Z. Hernández, D.D. Mellström, O. Ljunggren, Y. Cho, U.U. Völker, M.A. Nauck, G. Homuth, H. Völzke, R. Haring, M.A. Brown, E.V. Mccloskey, G.C. Nicholson, R. Eastell, J.A. Eisman, G. Jones, I.R. Reid, E.M. Dennison, J.D. Wark, S. Boonen, D.M.O.I. Vanderschueren, F.C.W. Wu, T. Aspelund, J.B. Richards, D.C. Bauer, A. Hofman, K.T.T. Khaw, G.V.Z. Dedoussis, B.M. Obermayer-Pietsch, U.B. Gyllensten, P.P. Pramstaller, R.S. Lorenc, C.C. Cooper, A. Kung, P.T.A.M. Lips, M.J. Alén, J.R. Attia, M.L. Brandi, L.C.P.G.M. De Groot, T.J. Lehtimäki, J.A. Riancho, H.S. Campbell, Y. Liu, T.B. Harris, K. Åkesson, M.K. Karlsson, Y. Jong-Lee, H. Wallaschofski, E.L. Duncan, T.W. O'Neill, V.G. Gudnason, T.D. Spector, F.L. Rousseau, E.S. Orwoll, S.R. Cummings, N.J. Wareham, F.F. Rivadeneira, A.G. Uitterlinden, Richard Prince, D.P. Kiel, J. Reeve, S.K. Kaptoge

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

54 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Quantitative ultrasound of the heel captures heel bone properties that independently predict fracture risk and, with bone mineral density (BMD) assessed by X-ray (DXA), may be convenient alternatives for evaluating osteoporosis and fracture risk. We performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association (GWA) studies to assess the genetic determinants of heel broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA; n 5 14 260), velocity of sound (VOS; n 5 15 514) and BMD (n 5 4566) in 13 discovery cohorts. Independent replication involved seven cohorts with GWA data (in silico n 5 11 452) and new genotyping in 15 cohorts (de novo n 5 24 902). In combined random effects, meta-analysis of the discovery and replication cohorts, nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) had genome-wide significant (P
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)3054-3068
JournalHuman Molecular Genetics
Volume23
Issue number11
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2014

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Calcaneus
Heel
Genome-Wide Association Study
Bone Density
Meta-Analysis
Genome
Computer Simulation
Osteoporosis
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism
X-Rays

Cite this

Moayyeri, A., Hsu, Y., Karasik, D., Estrada, K., Xiao, S., Nielson, C. M., ... Kaptoge, S. K. (2014). Genetic determinants of heel bone properties: Genome-wide association meta-analysis and replication in the GEFOS/GENOMOS consortium. Human Molecular Genetics, 23(11), 3054-3068. https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddt675
Moayyeri, A. ; Hsu, Y. ; Karasik, D. ; Estrada, K. ; Xiao, S. ; Nielson, C.M. ; Srikanth, P. ; Giroux, S.K. ; Wilson, Scott ; Zheng, H. ; Smith, A.V. ; Pye, S.R. ; Leo, P.J. ; Teumer, A. ; Hwang, J. ; Ohlsson, C. ; Mcguigan, F.E.A. ; Minster, R.L. ; Hayward, C. ; Olmos, J.M. ; Lyytikäinen, L.P. ; Lewis, Joshua ; Swart, K.M.A. ; Masi, L. ; Oldmeadow, C.J. ; Holliday, E.G. ; Cheng, S. ; Van Schoor, N.M. ; Harvey, N.C.W. ; Kruk, M. ; Del Greco, F.M. ; Igl, W. ; Trummer, O. ; Grigoriou, E. ; Luben, R.N. ; Liu, C. ; Zhou, Y. ; Oei, L.D.W. ; Medina-Gõmez, C. ; Zmuda, J.M. ; Tranah, G.J. ; Brown, S.J. ; Williams, F.M.K. ; Soranzo, N. ; Jakobsdottir, J. ; Siggeirsdóttir, K. ; Holliday, K.L. ; Hannemann, A. ; Go, M. ; Garcia, M.E. ; Polašek, O. ; Laaksonen, M.M.L. ; Zhu, Kun ; Enneman, A.W. ; Mcevoy, M.A. ; Pee, R. ; Sham, P. ; Jaworski, M. ; Johansson, A.M. ; Hicks, A.A. ; Płudowski, P. ; Scott, R.J. ; Dhonukshe-Rutten, R.A.M. ; Van Der Velde, N.V. ; Kaöhönen, M. ; Viikari, J.S.A. ; Sievaönen, H. ; Raitakari, O.T. ; González-Macías, J.J. ; Hernández, J.L.Z. ; Mellström, D.D. ; Ljunggren, O. ; Cho, Y. ; Völker, U.U. ; Nauck, M.A. ; Homuth, G. ; Völzke, H. ; Haring, R. ; Brown, M.A. ; Mccloskey, E.V. ; Nicholson, G.C. ; Eastell, R. ; Eisman, J.A. ; Jones, G. ; Reid, I.R. ; Dennison, E.M. ; Wark, J.D. ; Boonen, S. ; Vanderschueren, D.M.O.I. ; Wu, F.C.W. ; Aspelund, T. ; Richards, J.B. ; Bauer, D.C. ; Hofman, A. ; Khaw, K.T.T. ; Dedoussis, G.V.Z. ; Obermayer-Pietsch, B.M. ; Gyllensten, U.B. ; Pramstaller, P.P. ; Lorenc, R.S. ; Cooper, C.C. ; Kung, A. ; Lips, P.T.A.M. ; Alén, M.J. ; Attia, J.R. ; Brandi, M.L. ; De Groot, L.C.P.G.M. ; Lehtimäki, T.J. ; Riancho, J.A. ; Campbell, H.S. ; Liu, Y. ; Harris, T.B. ; Åkesson, K. ; Karlsson, M.K. ; Jong-Lee, Y. ; Wallaschofski, H. ; Duncan, E.L. ; O'Neill, T.W. ; Gudnason, V.G. ; Spector, T.D. ; Rousseau, F.L. ; Orwoll, E.S. ; Cummings, S.R. ; Wareham, N.J. ; Rivadeneira, F.F. ; Uitterlinden, A.G. ; Prince, Richard ; Kiel, D.P. ; Reeve, J. ; Kaptoge, S.K. / Genetic determinants of heel bone properties: Genome-wide association meta-analysis and replication in the GEFOS/GENOMOS consortium. In: Human Molecular Genetics. 2014 ; Vol. 23, No. 11. pp. 3054-3068.
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title = "Genetic determinants of heel bone properties: Genome-wide association meta-analysis and replication in the GEFOS/GENOMOS consortium",
abstract = "Quantitative ultrasound of the heel captures heel bone properties that independently predict fracture risk and, with bone mineral density (BMD) assessed by X-ray (DXA), may be convenient alternatives for evaluating osteoporosis and fracture risk. We performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association (GWA) studies to assess the genetic determinants of heel broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA; n 5 14 260), velocity of sound (VOS; n 5 15 514) and BMD (n 5 4566) in 13 discovery cohorts. Independent replication involved seven cohorts with GWA data (in silico n 5 11 452) and new genotyping in 15 cohorts (de novo n 5 24 902). In combined random effects, meta-analysis of the discovery and replication cohorts, nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) had genome-wide significant (P",
author = "A. Moayyeri and Y. Hsu and D. Karasik and K. Estrada and S. Xiao and C.M. Nielson and P. Srikanth and S.K. Giroux and Scott Wilson and H. Zheng and A.V. Smith and S.R. Pye and P.J. Leo and A. Teumer and J. Hwang and C. Ohlsson and F.E.A. Mcguigan and R.L. Minster and C. Hayward and J.M. Olmos and L.P. Lyytik{\"a}inen and Joshua Lewis and K.M.A. Swart and L. Masi and C.J. Oldmeadow and E.G. Holliday and S. Cheng and {Van Schoor}, N.M. and N.C.W. Harvey and M. Kruk and {Del Greco}, F.M. and W. Igl and O. Trummer and E. Grigoriou and R.N. Luben and C. Liu and Y. Zhou and L.D.W. Oei and C. Medina-G{\~o}mez and J.M. Zmuda and G.J. Tranah and S.J. Brown and F.M.K. Williams and N. Soranzo and J. Jakobsdottir and K. Siggeirsd{\'o}ttir and K.L. Holliday and A. Hannemann and M. Go and M.E. Garcia and O. Polašek and M.M.L. Laaksonen and Kun Zhu and A.W. Enneman and M.A. Mcevoy and R. Pee and P. Sham and M. Jaworski and A.M. Johansson and A.A. Hicks and P. Płudowski and R.J. Scott and R.A.M. Dhonukshe-Rutten and {Van Der Velde}, N.V. and M. Ka{\"o}h{\"o}nen and J.S.A. Viikari and H. Sieva{\"o}nen and O.T. Raitakari and J.J. Gonz{\'a}lez-Mac{\'i}as and J.L.Z. Hern{\'a}ndez and D.D. Mellstr{\"o}m and O. Ljunggren and Y. Cho and U.U. V{\"o}lker and M.A. Nauck and G. Homuth and H. V{\"o}lzke and R. Haring and M.A. Brown and E.V. Mccloskey and G.C. Nicholson and R. Eastell and J.A. Eisman and G. Jones and I.R. Reid and E.M. Dennison and J.D. Wark and S. Boonen and D.M.O.I. Vanderschueren and F.C.W. Wu and T. Aspelund and J.B. Richards and D.C. Bauer and A. Hofman and K.T.T. Khaw and G.V.Z. Dedoussis and B.M. Obermayer-Pietsch and U.B. Gyllensten and P.P. Pramstaller and R.S. Lorenc and C.C. Cooper and A. Kung and P.T.A.M. Lips and M.J. Al{\'e}n and J.R. Attia and M.L. Brandi and {De Groot}, L.C.P.G.M. and T.J. Lehtim{\"a}ki and J.A. Riancho and H.S. Campbell and Y. Liu and T.B. Harris and K. {\AA}kesson and M.K. Karlsson and Y. Jong-Lee and H. Wallaschofski and E.L. Duncan and T.W. O'Neill and V.G. Gudnason and T.D. Spector and F.L. Rousseau and E.S. Orwoll and S.R. Cummings and N.J. Wareham and F.F. Rivadeneira and A.G. Uitterlinden and Richard Prince and D.P. Kiel and J. Reeve and S.K. Kaptoge",
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Moayyeri, A, Hsu, Y, Karasik, D, Estrada, K, Xiao, S, Nielson, CM, Srikanth, P, Giroux, SK, Wilson, S, Zheng, H, Smith, AV, Pye, SR, Leo, PJ, Teumer, A, Hwang, J, Ohlsson, C, Mcguigan, FEA, Minster, RL, Hayward, C, Olmos, JM, Lyytikäinen, LP, Lewis, J, Swart, KMA, Masi, L, Oldmeadow, CJ, Holliday, EG, Cheng, S, Van Schoor, NM, Harvey, NCW, Kruk, M, Del Greco, FM, Igl, W, Trummer, O, Grigoriou, E, Luben, RN, Liu, C, Zhou, Y, Oei, LDW, Medina-Gõmez, C, Zmuda, JM, Tranah, GJ, Brown, SJ, Williams, FMK, Soranzo, N, Jakobsdottir, J, Siggeirsdóttir, K, Holliday, KL, Hannemann, A, Go, M, Garcia, ME, Polašek, O, Laaksonen, MML, Zhu, K, Enneman, AW, Mcevoy, MA, Pee, R, Sham, P, Jaworski, M, Johansson, AM, Hicks, AA, Płudowski, P, Scott, RJ, Dhonukshe-Rutten, RAM, Van Der Velde, NV, Kaöhönen, M, Viikari, JSA, Sievaönen, H, Raitakari, OT, González-Macías, JJ, Hernández, JLZ, Mellström, DD, Ljunggren, O, Cho, Y, Völker, UU, Nauck, MA, Homuth, G, Völzke, H, Haring, R, Brown, MA, Mccloskey, EV, Nicholson, GC, Eastell, R, Eisman, JA, Jones, G, Reid, IR, Dennison, EM, Wark, JD, Boonen, S, Vanderschueren, DMOI, Wu, FCW, Aspelund, T, Richards, JB, Bauer, DC, Hofman, A, Khaw, KTT, Dedoussis, GVZ, Obermayer-Pietsch, BM, Gyllensten, UB, Pramstaller, PP, Lorenc, RS, Cooper, CC, Kung, A, Lips, PTAM, Alén, MJ, Attia, JR, Brandi, ML, De Groot, LCPGM, Lehtimäki, TJ, Riancho, JA, Campbell, HS, Liu, Y, Harris, TB, Åkesson, K, Karlsson, MK, Jong-Lee, Y, Wallaschofski, H, Duncan, EL, O'Neill, TW, Gudnason, VG, Spector, TD, Rousseau, FL, Orwoll, ES, Cummings, SR, Wareham, NJ, Rivadeneira, FF, Uitterlinden, AG, Prince, R, Kiel, DP, Reeve, J & Kaptoge, SK 2014, 'Genetic determinants of heel bone properties: Genome-wide association meta-analysis and replication in the GEFOS/GENOMOS consortium' Human Molecular Genetics, vol. 23, no. 11, pp. 3054-3068. https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddt675

Genetic determinants of heel bone properties: Genome-wide association meta-analysis and replication in the GEFOS/GENOMOS consortium. / Moayyeri, A.; Hsu, Y.; Karasik, D.; Estrada, K.; Xiao, S.; Nielson, C.M.; Srikanth, P.; Giroux, S.K.; Wilson, Scott; Zheng, H.; Smith, A.V.; Pye, S.R.; Leo, P.J.; Teumer, A.; Hwang, J.; Ohlsson, C.; Mcguigan, F.E.A.; Minster, R.L.; Hayward, C.; Olmos, J.M.; Lyytikäinen, L.P.; Lewis, Joshua; Swart, K.M.A.; Masi, L.; Oldmeadow, C.J.; Holliday, E.G.; Cheng, S.; Van Schoor, N.M.; Harvey, N.C.W.; Kruk, M.; Del Greco, F.M.; Igl, W.; Trummer, O.; Grigoriou, E.; Luben, R.N.; Liu, C.; Zhou, Y.; Oei, L.D.W.; Medina-Gõmez, C.; Zmuda, J.M.; Tranah, G.J.; Brown, S.J.; Williams, F.M.K.; Soranzo, N.; Jakobsdottir, J.; Siggeirsdóttir, K.; Holliday, K.L.; Hannemann, A.; Go, M.; Garcia, M.E.; Polašek, O.; Laaksonen, M.M.L.; Zhu, Kun; Enneman, A.W.; Mcevoy, M.A.; Pee, R.; Sham, P.; Jaworski, M.; Johansson, A.M.; Hicks, A.A.; Płudowski, P.; Scott, R.J.; Dhonukshe-Rutten, R.A.M.; Van Der Velde, N.V.; Kaöhönen, M.; Viikari, J.S.A.; Sievaönen, H.; Raitakari, O.T.; González-Macías, J.J.; Hernández, J.L.Z.; Mellström, D.D.; Ljunggren, O.; Cho, Y.; Völker, U.U.; Nauck, M.A.; Homuth, G.; Völzke, H.; Haring, R.; Brown, M.A.; Mccloskey, E.V.; Nicholson, G.C.; Eastell, R.; Eisman, J.A.; Jones, G.; Reid, I.R.; Dennison, E.M.; Wark, J.D.; Boonen, S.; Vanderschueren, D.M.O.I.; Wu, F.C.W.; Aspelund, T.; Richards, J.B.; Bauer, D.C.; Hofman, A.; Khaw, K.T.T.; Dedoussis, G.V.Z.; Obermayer-Pietsch, B.M.; Gyllensten, U.B.; Pramstaller, P.P.; Lorenc, R.S.; Cooper, C.C.; Kung, A.; Lips, P.T.A.M.; Alén, M.J.; Attia, J.R.; Brandi, M.L.; De Groot, L.C.P.G.M.; Lehtimäki, T.J.; Riancho, J.A.; Campbell, H.S.; Liu, Y.; Harris, T.B.; Åkesson, K.; Karlsson, M.K.; Jong-Lee, Y.; Wallaschofski, H.; Duncan, E.L.; O'Neill, T.W.; Gudnason, V.G.; Spector, T.D.; Rousseau, F.L.; Orwoll, E.S.; Cummings, S.R.; Wareham, N.J.; Rivadeneira, F.F.; Uitterlinden, A.G.; Prince, Richard; Kiel, D.P.; Reeve, J.; Kaptoge, S.K.

In: Human Molecular Genetics, Vol. 23, No. 11, 2014, p. 3054-3068.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article

TY - JOUR

T1 - Genetic determinants of heel bone properties: Genome-wide association meta-analysis and replication in the GEFOS/GENOMOS consortium

AU - Moayyeri, A.

AU - Hsu, Y.

AU - Karasik, D.

AU - Estrada, K.

AU - Xiao, S.

AU - Nielson, C.M.

AU - Srikanth, P.

AU - Giroux, S.K.

AU - Wilson, Scott

AU - Zheng, H.

AU - Smith, A.V.

AU - Pye, S.R.

AU - Leo, P.J.

AU - Teumer, A.

AU - Hwang, J.

AU - Ohlsson, C.

AU - Mcguigan, F.E.A.

AU - Minster, R.L.

AU - Hayward, C.

AU - Olmos, J.M.

AU - Lyytikäinen, L.P.

AU - Lewis, Joshua

AU - Swart, K.M.A.

AU - Masi, L.

AU - Oldmeadow, C.J.

AU - Holliday, E.G.

AU - Cheng, S.

AU - Van Schoor, N.M.

AU - Harvey, N.C.W.

AU - Kruk, M.

AU - Del Greco, F.M.

AU - Igl, W.

AU - Trummer, O.

AU - Grigoriou, E.

AU - Luben, R.N.

AU - Liu, C.

AU - Zhou, Y.

AU - Oei, L.D.W.

AU - Medina-Gõmez, C.

AU - Zmuda, J.M.

AU - Tranah, G.J.

AU - Brown, S.J.

AU - Williams, F.M.K.

AU - Soranzo, N.

AU - Jakobsdottir, J.

AU - Siggeirsdóttir, K.

AU - Holliday, K.L.

AU - Hannemann, A.

AU - Go, M.

AU - Garcia, M.E.

AU - Polašek, O.

AU - Laaksonen, M.M.L.

AU - Zhu, Kun

AU - Enneman, A.W.

AU - Mcevoy, M.A.

AU - Pee, R.

AU - Sham, P.

AU - Jaworski, M.

AU - Johansson, A.M.

AU - Hicks, A.A.

AU - Płudowski, P.

AU - Scott, R.J.

AU - Dhonukshe-Rutten, R.A.M.

AU - Van Der Velde, N.V.

AU - Kaöhönen, M.

AU - Viikari, J.S.A.

AU - Sievaönen, H.

AU - Raitakari, O.T.

AU - González-Macías, J.J.

AU - Hernández, J.L.Z.

AU - Mellström, D.D.

AU - Ljunggren, O.

AU - Cho, Y.

AU - Völker, U.U.

AU - Nauck, M.A.

AU - Homuth, G.

AU - Völzke, H.

AU - Haring, R.

AU - Brown, M.A.

AU - Mccloskey, E.V.

AU - Nicholson, G.C.

AU - Eastell, R.

AU - Eisman, J.A.

AU - Jones, G.

AU - Reid, I.R.

AU - Dennison, E.M.

AU - Wark, J.D.

AU - Boonen, S.

AU - Vanderschueren, D.M.O.I.

AU - Wu, F.C.W.

AU - Aspelund, T.

AU - Richards, J.B.

AU - Bauer, D.C.

AU - Hofman, A.

AU - Khaw, K.T.T.

AU - Dedoussis, G.V.Z.

AU - Obermayer-Pietsch, B.M.

AU - Gyllensten, U.B.

AU - Pramstaller, P.P.

AU - Lorenc, R.S.

AU - Cooper, C.C.

AU - Kung, A.

AU - Lips, P.T.A.M.

AU - Alén, M.J.

AU - Attia, J.R.

AU - Brandi, M.L.

AU - De Groot, L.C.P.G.M.

AU - Lehtimäki, T.J.

AU - Riancho, J.A.

AU - Campbell, H.S.

AU - Liu, Y.

AU - Harris, T.B.

AU - Åkesson, K.

AU - Karlsson, M.K.

AU - Jong-Lee, Y.

AU - Wallaschofski, H.

AU - Duncan, E.L.

AU - O'Neill, T.W.

AU - Gudnason, V.G.

AU - Spector, T.D.

AU - Rousseau, F.L.

AU - Orwoll, E.S.

AU - Cummings, S.R.

AU - Wareham, N.J.

AU - Rivadeneira, F.F.

AU - Uitterlinden, A.G.

AU - Prince, Richard

AU - Kiel, D.P.

AU - Reeve, J.

AU - Kaptoge, S.K.

PY - 2014

Y1 - 2014

N2 - Quantitative ultrasound of the heel captures heel bone properties that independently predict fracture risk and, with bone mineral density (BMD) assessed by X-ray (DXA), may be convenient alternatives for evaluating osteoporosis and fracture risk. We performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association (GWA) studies to assess the genetic determinants of heel broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA; n 5 14 260), velocity of sound (VOS; n 5 15 514) and BMD (n 5 4566) in 13 discovery cohorts. Independent replication involved seven cohorts with GWA data (in silico n 5 11 452) and new genotyping in 15 cohorts (de novo n 5 24 902). In combined random effects, meta-analysis of the discovery and replication cohorts, nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) had genome-wide significant (P

AB - Quantitative ultrasound of the heel captures heel bone properties that independently predict fracture risk and, with bone mineral density (BMD) assessed by X-ray (DXA), may be convenient alternatives for evaluating osteoporosis and fracture risk. We performed a meta-analysis of genome-wide association (GWA) studies to assess the genetic determinants of heel broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA; n 5 14 260), velocity of sound (VOS; n 5 15 514) and BMD (n 5 4566) in 13 discovery cohorts. Independent replication involved seven cohorts with GWA data (in silico n 5 11 452) and new genotyping in 15 cohorts (de novo n 5 24 902). In combined random effects, meta-analysis of the discovery and replication cohorts, nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) had genome-wide significant (P

U2 - 10.1093/hmg/ddt675

DO - 10.1093/hmg/ddt675

M3 - Article

VL - 23

SP - 3054

EP - 3068

JO - Human Molecular Genetics

JF - Human Molecular Genetics

SN - 0964-6906

IS - 11

ER -

Moayyeri A, Hsu Y, Karasik D, Estrada K, Xiao S, Nielson CM et al. Genetic determinants of heel bone properties: Genome-wide association meta-analysis and replication in the GEFOS/GENOMOS consortium. Human Molecular Genetics. 2014;23(11):3054-3068. https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/ddt675

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