TY - JOUR
T1 - Galanin family peptides
T2 - Molecular structure, expression and roles in the neuroendocrine axis and in the spinal cord
AU - Zhu, Sipin
AU - Hu, Xiaoyong
AU - Bennett, Samuel
AU - Charlesworth, Oscar
AU - Qin, Shengnan
AU - Mai, Yuliang
AU - Dou, Haicheng
AU - Xu, Jiake
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was partly supported by a research grant from the National Natural Science Funding of China (82172424), Basic public welfare project of Zhejiang Science and Technology Department (LGF20H060012), Outstanding Youth Fund of Zhejiang Province (LR22H060002), Zhejiang Medical and Health Science and Technology Plan Project (2022RC210, 2021KY212), and Wenzhou Basic Science Research Plan Project (Y20210045). SZ, YM, and XH made overseas collaborative visits to The University of Western Australia. OC was visiting student at Jiake Xu’s lab at the University of Western Australia.
Funding Information:
This work was partly supported by a research grant from the National Natural Science Funding of China (82172424), Basic public welfare project of Zhejiang Science and Technology Department (LGF20H060012), Outstanding Youth Fund of Zhejiang Province (LR22H060002), Zhejiang Medical and Health Science and Technology Plan Project (2022RC210, 2021KY212), and Wenzhou Basic Science Research Plan Project (Y20210045). SZ, YM, and XH made overseas collaborative visits to The University of Western Australia. OC was visiting student at Jiake Xu’s lab at the University of Western Australia.
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2022 Zhu, Hu, Bennett, Charlesworth, Qin, Mai, Dou and Xu.
PY - 2022/12/6
Y1 - 2022/12/6
N2 - Galanin is a neurohormone as well as a neurotransmitter and plays versatile physiological roles for the neuroendocrine axis, such as regulating food intake, insulin level and somatostatin release. It is expressed in the central nervous system, including hypothalamus, pituitary, and the spinal cord, and colocalises with other neuronal peptides within neurons. Structural analyses reveal that the human galanin precursor is 104 amino acid (aa) residues in length, consisting of a mature galanin peptide (aa 33-62), and galanin message-associated peptide (GMAP; aa 63-104) at the C-terminus. GMAP appears to exhibit distinctive biological effects on anti-fungal activity and the spinal flexor reflex. Galanin-like peptide (GALP) has a similar structure to galanin and acts as a hypothalamic neuropeptide to mediate metabolism and reproduction, food intake, and body weight. Alarin, a differentially spliced variant of GALP, is specifically involved in vasoactive effect in the skin and ganglionic differentiation in neuroblastic tumors. Dysregulation of galanin, GALP and alarin has been implicated in various neuroendocrine conditions such as nociception, Alzheimer’s disease, seizures, eating disorders, alcoholism, diabetes, and spinal cord conditions. Further delineation of the common and distinctive effects and mechanisms of various types of galanin family proteins could facilitate the design of therapeutic approaches for neuroendocrine diseases and spinal cord injury.
AB - Galanin is a neurohormone as well as a neurotransmitter and plays versatile physiological roles for the neuroendocrine axis, such as regulating food intake, insulin level and somatostatin release. It is expressed in the central nervous system, including hypothalamus, pituitary, and the spinal cord, and colocalises with other neuronal peptides within neurons. Structural analyses reveal that the human galanin precursor is 104 amino acid (aa) residues in length, consisting of a mature galanin peptide (aa 33-62), and galanin message-associated peptide (GMAP; aa 63-104) at the C-terminus. GMAP appears to exhibit distinctive biological effects on anti-fungal activity and the spinal flexor reflex. Galanin-like peptide (GALP) has a similar structure to galanin and acts as a hypothalamic neuropeptide to mediate metabolism and reproduction, food intake, and body weight. Alarin, a differentially spliced variant of GALP, is specifically involved in vasoactive effect in the skin and ganglionic differentiation in neuroblastic tumors. Dysregulation of galanin, GALP and alarin has been implicated in various neuroendocrine conditions such as nociception, Alzheimer’s disease, seizures, eating disorders, alcoholism, diabetes, and spinal cord conditions. Further delineation of the common and distinctive effects and mechanisms of various types of galanin family proteins could facilitate the design of therapeutic approaches for neuroendocrine diseases and spinal cord injury.
KW - alarin
KW - galanin
KW - galanin-like peptide
KW - neuroendocrine axis
KW - spinal cord
KW - spinal cord injury
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85144250618&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fendo.2022.1019943
DO - 10.3389/fendo.2022.1019943
M3 - Review article
C2 - 36561569
AN - SCOPUS:85144250618
SN - 1664-2392
VL - 13
JO - Frontiers in Endocrinology
JF - Frontiers in Endocrinology
M1 - 1019943
ER -
