Flow around a surface-mounted finite circular cylinder completely submerged within the bottom boundary layer

This paper presents a detailed investigation on the flow characteristics and the bed-shear-stress distribution around a finite circular cylinder at a fixed Reynolds number (Re = 2 ×10⁴) and seven aspect ratios (AR = 0.5∼6) by solving the Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations. It is found that, for a moderate Reynolds number and a relatively large boundary-layer thickness, the time-averaged streamwise vortex structure will be transformed from the ‘Dipole Type’ at AR≤3 to the ‘Three-Pairs Type’ at AR≥4. It is the first time that the ‘Three-Pairs Type’ vortex structure has been reported, which consists of Time-Mean Streamwise Tip Vortices, Time-Mean Streamwise Base Vortices and Time-Mean Streamwise Bottom Vortices. Besides, this study indicates that, with increasing AR, the maximum time-averaged bed-shear-stress amplification magnitude upstream of the cylinder will first decrease and then increase, with the minimum occurring at approximately AR = 3.0, due to the influence of AR on the horseshoe vortices. Additionally, this study manifests that different critical AR values can be obtained for various flow variables. For instance, in terms of the total lift coefficient of the cylinder and the transverse fluctuating velocity in the symmetry plane at the mid-height of the cylinder, the critical AR is equal to AR_c=3.0 and AR_c=2.0, respectively.