FLASH early science - Discovery of an intervening H I 21-cm absorber from an ASKAP survey of the GAMA 23 field

We present early science results from the First Large Absorption Survey in H I (FLASH), a spectroscopically blind survey for 21-cm absorption lines in cold hydrogen (H I) gas at cosmological distances using the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP). We have searched for H I absorption towards 1253 radio sources in the GAMA 23 field, covering redshifts between z = 0.34 and 0.79 over a sky area of approximately 50 deg². In a purely blind search, we did not obtain any detections of 21-cm absorbers above our reliability threshold. Assuming a fiducial value for the H I spin temperature of T_spin = 100 K and source covering fraction c_f = 1, the total comoving absorption path-length sensitive to all Damped Lyman α Absorbers (DLAs; N_{H I} ≥ 2 × 10²⁰ cm⁻²) is ΔX = 6.6 ± 0.3 (Δz = 3.7 ± 0.2) and super-DLAs (N_{H I} ≥ 2 × 10²¹ cm⁻²) is ΔX = 111 ± 6 (Δz= 63 ± 3). We estimate upper limits on the H I column density frequency distribution function that are consistent with measurements from prior surveys for redshifted optical DLAs, and nearby 21-cm emission and absorption. By cross-matching our sample of radio sources with optical spectroscopic identifications of galaxies in the GAMA 23 field, we were able to detect 21-cm absorption at z = 0.3562 towards NVSS J224500−343030, with a column density of N_{H I} = (1.2 ± 0.1) × 10²⁰ (T_spin/100 K) cm⁻². The absorber is associated with GAMA J22450.05−343031.7, a massive early-type galaxy at an impact parameter of 17 kpc with respect to the radio source and which may contain a massive (M_{H I} ≿ 3 × 10⁹ M☉) gas disc. Such gas-rich early types are rare, but have been detected in the nearby Universe.