Falls relate to vitamin D and parathyroid hormone in an Australian nursing home and hostel

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether falling relates to serum levels of vitamin D and parathyroid hormone. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study with retrospective analysis. SETTING: An aged-care institution in Melbourne Australia. PARTICIPANTS: Ambulant nursing home and hostel residents (n = 83). MEASUREMENTS: Frequency of falling, frequency of going outdoors, use of cane or walker, age, sex, weight, type of accommodation, and duration of residence. Serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, and parathyroid hormone (PTH). Plasma concentrations of albumin, calcium, phosphate, and creatinine. Use of furosemide or non-benzodiazepine anticonvulsants. RESULTS: Median age of residents was 84 years. The cohort was vitamin D deficient with a median (interquartile range) 25-hydroxyvitamin D level of 27 (18-37) nmol/L (one-third the reference range median), P < .001. The median (interquartile range) PTH of 5.2 (3.8-7.7) pmol/L exceeded the reference range median, P < .001. Residents who fell (n = 33) had lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels than other residents (medians 22 vs 29 nmol/L, P = .02) and higher serum PTH levels (medians 6.2 vs 4.8 pmol/L, P < .01). Sixty residents lived in the hostel (72%), and 41 (49%) walked without any walking aid. In a multiple logistic regression for falling, higher serum PTH remained independently associated with falling, with an odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for falling of 5.6 (1.7-18.5) per unit of the natural logarithm of serum PTH. Other terms in the regression were hostel accommodation, odds ratio .04 (.01-.25), and ability to walk without aids, odds ratio .07 (.01-.37). CONCLUSIONS: In ambulant nursing home and hostel residents, residents who fall have lower serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and higher serum parathyroid hormone levels than other residents. The association between falling and serum PTH persists after adjustment for other variables.