TY - JOUR
T1 - FADS1 and FADS2 Polymorphisms Modulate Fatty Acid Metabolism and Dietary Impact on Health
AU - Koletzko, Berthold
AU - Reischl, Eva
AU - Tanjung, Conny
AU - Gonzalez-Casanova, Ines
AU - Ramakrishnan, Usha
AU - Meldrum, Suzanne
AU - Simmer, Karen
AU - Heinrich, Joachim
AU - Demmelmair, Hans
PY - 2019/8/21
Y1 - 2019/8/21
N2 - Variants in the FADS gene cluster modify the activity of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) desaturation and the lipid composition in human blood and tissue. FADS variants have been associated with plasma lipid concentrations, risk of cardiovascular diseases, overweight, eczema, pregnancy outcomes, and cognitive function. Studies on variations in the FADS genecluster provided some of the first examples for marked gene-diet interactions in modulating complex phenotypes, such as eczema, asthma, and cognition. Genotype distribution differs markedly among ethnicities, apparently reflecting an evolutionary advantage of genotypes enabling active long-chain PUFA synthesis when the introduction of agriculture provided diets rich in linoleic acid but with little arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids. Discovering differential effects of PUFA supply that depend on variation of FADS genotypes could open new opportunities for developing precision nutrition strategies based either on an individual's genotype or on genotype distributions in specific populations.
AB - Variants in the FADS gene cluster modify the activity of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) desaturation and the lipid composition in human blood and tissue. FADS variants have been associated with plasma lipid concentrations, risk of cardiovascular diseases, overweight, eczema, pregnancy outcomes, and cognitive function. Studies on variations in the FADS genecluster provided some of the first examples for marked gene-diet interactions in modulating complex phenotypes, such as eczema, asthma, and cognition. Genotype distribution differs markedly among ethnicities, apparently reflecting an evolutionary advantage of genotypes enabling active long-chain PUFA synthesis when the introduction of agriculture provided diets rich in linoleic acid but with little arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids. Discovering differential effects of PUFA supply that depend on variation of FADS genotypes could open new opportunities for developing precision nutrition strategies based either on an individual's genotype or on genotype distributions in specific populations.
KW - docosahexaenoic acid
KW - Mendelian randomization
KW - polyunsaturated fatty acids
KW - single nucleotide polymorphisms
KW - Δ-5 desaturase
KW - Δ-6 desaturase
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85071600746&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1146/annurev-nutr-082018-124250
DO - 10.1146/annurev-nutr-082018-124250
M3 - Article
C2 - 31433740
AN - SCOPUS:85071600746
SN - 0199-9885
VL - 39
SP - 21
EP - 44
JO - Annual Review of Nutrition
JF - Annual Review of Nutrition
ER -
