Explosive protection of storage chambers through frangible structural elements

FEA and SDoF models show that openings are ineffective to mitigate damage of spherical chambers subjected to internal detonations.
The afterburning energy, which should be used to model properly the gas pressure component or High-Explosives detonations, was derived.
A Simplified Multiple Equation Inverse Problem was proposed that allows determining the burning rate from experimental data or partially confined deflagrations.
The activation or frangible roofs of fuel storage tanks is generated by local stresses that occur at the weld rather than the plastic collapse approach.
Six field blast tests or fuel storage tanks with different frangible roof technologies were carried out.