@article{6d115c3e7c1e4caa8e8862440b3b56b5,
title = "Efficient monolithic perovskite-Si tandem solar cells enabled by an ultra-thin indium tin oxide interlayer",
abstract = "Tandem solar cells are promising for overcoming the theoretical single junction solar cell efficiency limit. Here we report an elegant approach to monolithically integrate perovskites and Si-heterojunction tandem solar cells using an ultra-thin indium tin oxide (ITO) interlayer. It is found that a 1.7 nm ITO interlayer is sufficient to provide the interfacing between the silicon and perovskite subcells with minimum parasitic resistance and efficient trap states for carrier recombination. Thinner ITO interlayers result in discontinuous films while thicker ITO interlayers with improved lateral conductivity are less effective in localising shunts especially for large (≥1 cm2) area tandem cells. Furthermore, it is found that a tandem cell with a 26 nm thick 〈p〉a-Si:H junction in the bottom cell performs better than that with a 13 nm thick junction. When combined with a 1.7 nm ultra-thin ITO layer and a front anti-reflection coating, our champion 1.0 cm2 cell achieved 27.2% power conversion efficiency (PCE) and a fill factor (FF) of 82.4% under reverse scan. This FF is the highest of any perovskite-Si tandem cell. The ultra-thin ITO layer is suitable for large area cells. 24.2% efficiency was demonstrated on an 11.8 cm2 cell. A 21.1% efficient 65.1 cm2 (∼4 inch round) cell was also fabricated. This representative cell shows negligible efficiency loss after 600 hours of continuous 1 sun illumination under MPP tracking. This work provides insights into the role of ultra-thin interfacing ITO layers for monolithic large-area perovskite-Si tandem cells.",
author = "Jianghui Zheng and Weiyuan Duan and Yuzhen Guo and Zhao, {Zijun C.} and Haimang Yi and Ma, {Fa Jun} and {Granados Caro}, Laura and Chuqi Yi and Jueming Bing and Shi Tang and Jiangtao Qu and Fong, {Kean Chern} and Xin Cui and Yan Zhu and Limei Yang and Andreas Lambertz and {Arafat Mahmud}, Md and Hongjun Chen and Chwenhaw Liao and Guoliang Wang and Marko Jankovec and Cheng Xu and Ashraf Uddin and Cairney, {Julie M.} and Stephen Bremner and Shujuan Huang and Kaining Ding and McKenzie, {David R.} and Ho-Baillie, {Anita W.Y.}",
note = "Funding Information: This work is supported by the Australian Government through the Australian Renewable Energy Agency (ARENA) via projects 2020 RND001 and 2020 RND003. J. Z. acknowledges the support from Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics (ACAP) Postdoctoral Fellowships (RG123662-M). L. G., S. T. and C. L. acknowledge the support from the John Hooke Chair of Nanoscience Postgraduate Research Scholarships. G. W. acknowledges the support from University of Sydney International Stipend Scholarship (USydIS). A. H.-B. and J.M.C are supported by the Australian Research Council (ARC) Future Fellowships FT210100210 and FT180100232, respectively. M. J. acknowledges the support from Slovenian Research Agency (Javna agencija za raziskovalno dejavnost Republike Slovenije, ARRS) under the research program P2-0415. The authors acknowledge the technical and scientific assistance provided by (i) Sydney Microscopy & Microanalysis, the University of Sydney node of Microscopy Australia, (ii) the facilities as well as the scientific and technical assistance of the Research & Prototype Foundry Core Research Facility at the University of Sydney, part of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, (iii) Electron Microscopy Unit at UNSW and (iv) BioMedical Imaging Facility at UNSW. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 The Royal Society of Chemistry.",
year = "2023",
month = jan,
day = "26",
doi = "10.1039/d2ee04007g",
language = "English",
volume = "16",
pages = "1223--1233",
journal = "Energy and Environmental Science",
issn = "1754-5692",
publisher = "The Royal Society of Chemistry",
number = "3",
}
