TY - JOUR
T1 - Effect of spatial resolution and filtering on mapping cardiac fibrillation
AU - King, Benjamin
AU - Porta-Sánchez, Andreu
AU - Massé, Stéphane
AU - Zamiri, Nima
AU - Balasundaram, Krishanand
AU - Kusha, Marjan
AU - Jackson, Nicholas
AU - Haldar, Shouvik
AU - Umapathy, Karthikeyan
AU - Nanthakumar, Kumaraswamy
PY - 2017/4/1
Y1 - 2017/4/1
N2 - Background Endocardial mapping tools use variable interelectrode resolution, whereas body surface mapping tools use narrow bandpass filtering (BPF) to map fibrillatory mechanisms established by high-resolution optical imaging. Objective The purpose of this study was to study the effect of resolution and BPF on the underlying mechanism being mapped. Methods Hearts from 14 healthy New Zealand white rabbits were Langendorff perfused. We studied the effect of spatial resolution and BPF on the location and characterization of rotors by comparing phase singularities detected by high-resolution unfiltered optical maps and of fibrillating myocardium with decimated and filtered maps with simulated electrode spacing of 2, 5, and 8 mm. Results As we decimated the maps with 2-mm, 5-mm, and 8-mm interelectrode spacing, the mean ( ± SD) number of rotors detected decreased from 10.2 ± 9.6, 1.6 ± 3.2, and 0.2 ± 0.5, respectively. Lowering the resolution led to synthesized pseudo-rotors that may be inappropriately identified. Applying a BPF led to fewer mean phase singularities detected (248 ± 207 vs 333 ± 130; P<.01), giving the appearance of pseudo-spatial stability measured as translation index (with BPF 3.6 ± 0.4 mm vs 4.0 ± 0.5 mm without BPF; P<.01) and pseudo-temporal stability with longer duration (70.0 ± 17.6 ms in BPF maps vs 44.1 ± 6.6 ms in unfiltered maps; P<.001) than true underlying fibrillating myocardium mapped. Conclusion Electrode resolution and BPF of electrograms can result in distortion of the underlying electrophysiology of fibrillation. Newer mapping techniques need to demonstrate sensitivity analysis to quantify the degree of distortion before clinical use to avoid inaccurate electrophysiologic interpretation.
AB - Background Endocardial mapping tools use variable interelectrode resolution, whereas body surface mapping tools use narrow bandpass filtering (BPF) to map fibrillatory mechanisms established by high-resolution optical imaging. Objective The purpose of this study was to study the effect of resolution and BPF on the underlying mechanism being mapped. Methods Hearts from 14 healthy New Zealand white rabbits were Langendorff perfused. We studied the effect of spatial resolution and BPF on the location and characterization of rotors by comparing phase singularities detected by high-resolution unfiltered optical maps and of fibrillating myocardium with decimated and filtered maps with simulated electrode spacing of 2, 5, and 8 mm. Results As we decimated the maps with 2-mm, 5-mm, and 8-mm interelectrode spacing, the mean ( ± SD) number of rotors detected decreased from 10.2 ± 9.6, 1.6 ± 3.2, and 0.2 ± 0.5, respectively. Lowering the resolution led to synthesized pseudo-rotors that may be inappropriately identified. Applying a BPF led to fewer mean phase singularities detected (248 ± 207 vs 333 ± 130; P<.01), giving the appearance of pseudo-spatial stability measured as translation index (with BPF 3.6 ± 0.4 mm vs 4.0 ± 0.5 mm without BPF; P<.01) and pseudo-temporal stability with longer duration (70.0 ± 17.6 ms in BPF maps vs 44.1 ± 6.6 ms in unfiltered maps; P<.001) than true underlying fibrillating myocardium mapped. Conclusion Electrode resolution and BPF of electrograms can result in distortion of the underlying electrophysiology of fibrillation. Newer mapping techniques need to demonstrate sensitivity analysis to quantify the degree of distortion before clinical use to avoid inaccurate electrophysiologic interpretation.
KW - Atrial fibrillation
KW - Electrode resolution
KW - Multielectrode mapping
KW - Optical mapping
KW - Rotor
KW - Signal filters
KW - Ventricular fibrillation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85015767568&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.01.023
DO - 10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.01.023
M3 - Article
C2 - 28104480
AN - SCOPUS:85015767568
SN - 1547-5271
VL - 14
SP - 608
EP - 615
JO - Heart Rhythm
JF - Heart Rhythm
IS - 4
ER -