@article{3055979980584d2ab10d9f8bd793e1a3,
title = "Early management of isolated severe traumatic brain injury patients in a hospital without neurosurgical capabilities: a consensus and clinical recommendations of the World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES)",
abstract = "Background: Severe traumatic brain-injured (TBI) patients should be primarily admitted to a hub trauma center (hospital with neurosurgical capabilities) to allow immediate delivery of appropriate care in a specialized environment. Sometimes, severe TBI patients are admitted to a spoke hospital (hospital without neurosurgical capabilities), and scarce data are available regarding the optimal management of severe isolated TBI patients who do not have immediate access to neurosurgical care. Methods: A multidisciplinary consensus panel composed of 41 physicians selected for their established clinical and scientific expertise in the acute management of TBI patients with different specializations (anesthesia/intensive care, neurocritical care, acute care surgery, neurosurgery and neuroradiology) was established. The consensus was endorsed by the World Society of Emergency Surgery, and a modified Delphi approach was adopted. Results: A total of 28 statements were proposed and discussed. Consensus was reached on 22 strong recommendations and 3 weak recommendations. In three cases, where consensus was not reached, no recommendation was provided. Conclusions: This consensus provides practical recommendations to support clinician{\textquoteright}s decision making in the management of isolated severe TBI patients in centers without neurosurgical capabilities and during transfer to a hub center.",
keywords = "Hub, Management, Spoke, Transfer, Traumatic brain injury",
author = "Edoardo Picetti and Fausto Catena and Fikri Abu-Zidan and Luca Ansaloni and Armonda, {Rocco A.} and Miklosh Bala and Balogh, {Zsolt J.} and Alessandro Bertuccio and Biffl, {Walt L.} and Pierre Bouzat and Andras Buki and Davide Cerasti and Chesnut, {Randall M.} and Giuseppe Citerio and Federico Coccolini and Raul Coimbra and Carlo Coniglio and Enrico Fainardi and Deepak Gupta and Gurney, {Jennifer M.} and Hawrylux, {Gregory W.J.} and Raimund Helbok and Hutchinson, {Peter J.A.} and Corrado Iaccarino and Angelos Kolias and Maier, {Ronald W.} and Martin, {Matthew J.} and Geert Meyfroidt and Okonkwo, {David O.} and Frank Rasulo and Sandro Rizoli and Andres Rubiano and Juan Sahuquillo and Sams, {Valerie G.} and Franco Servadei and Deepak Sharma and Lori Shutter and Stahel, {Philip F.} and Taccone, {Fabio S.} and Andrew Udy and Tommaso Zoerle and Vanni Agnoletti and Francesca Bravi and {De Simone}, Belinda and Yoram Kluger and Costanza Martino and Moore, {Ernest E.} and Massimo Sartelli and Dieter Weber and Chiara Robba",
note = "Funding Information: We would like to thank WSES for the support. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023, The Author(s).",
year = "2023",
month = dec,
doi = "10.1186/s13017-022-00468-2",
language = "English",
volume = "18",
journal = "World Journal of Emergency Surgery",
issn = "1749-7922",
publisher = "BioMed Central",
number = "1",
}