Dietary patterns, body mass index and inflammation: pathways to depression and mental health problems in adolescents

Wendy H Oddy; Karina L Allen; Georgina S A Trapp; Gina L Ambrosini; Lucinda J Black; Rae-Chi Huang; Peter Rzehak; Kevin C Runions; Feng Pan; Lawrence J Beilin; Trevor A Mori

doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2018.01.002

Dietary patterns, body mass index and inflammation: pathways to depression and mental health problems in adolescents

Wendy H Oddy, Karina L Allen, Georgina S A Trapp, Gina L Ambrosini, Lucinda J Black, Rae-Chi Huang, Peter Rzehak, Kevin C Runions, Feng Pan, Lawrence J Beilin, Trevor A Mori

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Observational studies suggest that dietary patterns may impact mental health outcomes, although biologically plausible pathways are yet to be tested. We aimed to elucidate the longitudinal relationship between dietary patterns, adiposity, inflammation and mental health including depressive symptoms in a population-based cohort of adolescents.

METHODS: Data were provided from 843 adolescents participating in the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study at 14 and 17 years (y) of age. Structural equation modelling was applied to test our hypothesised models relating dietary patterns, energy intake and adiposity (body mass index) at 14 y to adiposity and the pro-inflammatory adipokine (leptin) and inflammation (high sensitivity C-reactive protein - hs-CRP) at 17 y, and these inflammatory markers to depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory) and Internalising and Externalising Behavioral Problems (Child Behavior Check List Youth Self- Report) at 17 y. We further tested a reverse hypothesis model, with depression at 14 y as a predictor of dietary patterns at the same time-point.

RESULTS: The tested models provided a good fit to the data. A 'Western' dietary pattern (high intake of red meat, takeaway, refined foods, and confectionary) at 14 y was associated with higher energy intake and BMI at 14 y, and with BMI and biomarkers of inflammation at 17 y (all p<0.05). A 'Healthy' dietary pattern (high in fruit, vegetables, fish, whole-grains) was inversely associated with BMI and inflammation at 17 y (p<0.05). Higher BMI at 14 y was associated with higher BMI (p<0.01), leptin (p<0.05), hs-CRP (p<0.05), depressive symptoms (p<0.05) and mental health problems (p<0.05), all at 17 y.

CONCLUSION: A 'Western' dietary pattern associates with an increased risk of mental health problems including depressive symptoms in adolescents, through biologically plausible pathways of adiposity and inflammation, whereas a 'Healthy' dietary pattern appears protective in these pathways. Longitudinal modelling into adulthood is indicated to confirm the complex associations of dietary patterns, adiposity, inflammation and mental health problems, including depressive symptoms.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	428-439
Number of pages	12
Journal	Brain, Behavior, and Immunity
Volume	69
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2018.01.002
Publication status	Published - Mar 2018

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10.1016/j.bbi.2018.01.002

Oddy et al., 2018 Dietary patterns, body massAccepted author manuscript, 1.5 MBLicence: CC BY-NC-ND

Nutritional determinants of Cardiometabolic risk & mental health disorders from infancy to adulthood
Oddy, W. (Investigator 01), Mori, T. (Investigator 02), Adams, L. (Investigator 03) & Byrne, S. (Investigator 04)
NHMRC National Health and Medical Research Council
1/01/12 → 31/12/14
Project: Research
Determinants of Child Health and Development: Populations, Partnerships, Pathways and Prevention.
Stanley, F. (Chief Investigator), De Klerk, N. (Chief Investigator), Lehmann, D. (Chief Investigator), Leonard, H. (Chief Investigator), Zubrick, S. (Chief Investigator), Silburn, S. (Chief Investigator) & Bower, C. (Chief Investigator)
NHMRC Program Grants
1/01/05 → 31/12/09
Project: Research
211912 - Developmental Aspects of Respiratory Inflammation, Allergy and Asthma.
Sly, P. (Chief Investigator), Upham, J. (Chief Investigator), Le Souef, P. (Chief Investigator), Stick, S. (Chief Investigator), Stumbles, P. (Chief Investigator), Thomas, W. (Chief Investigator) & Holt, P. (Chief Investigator)
NHMRC Program Grants
1/01/02 → 31/12/06
Project: Research

Cite this

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title = "Dietary patterns, body mass index and inflammation: pathways to depression and mental health problems in adolescents",

abstract = "BACKGROUND: Observational studies suggest that dietary patterns may impact mental health outcomes, although biologically plausible pathways are yet to be tested. We aimed to elucidate the longitudinal relationship between dietary patterns, adiposity, inflammation and mental health including depressive symptoms in a population-based cohort of adolescents.METHODS: Data were provided from 843 adolescents participating in the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study at 14 and 17 years (y) of age. Structural equation modelling was applied to test our hypothesised models relating dietary patterns, energy intake and adiposity (body mass index) at 14 y to adiposity and the pro-inflammatory adipokine (leptin) and inflammation (high sensitivity C-reactive protein - hs-CRP) at 17 y, and these inflammatory markers to depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory) and Internalising and Externalising Behavioral Problems (Child Behavior Check List Youth Self- Report) at 17 y. We further tested a reverse hypothesis model, with depression at 14 y as a predictor of dietary patterns at the same time-point.RESULTS: The tested models provided a good fit to the data. A 'Western' dietary pattern (high intake of red meat, takeaway, refined foods, and confectionary) at 14 y was associated with higher energy intake and BMI at 14 y, and with BMI and biomarkers of inflammation at 17 y (all p<0.05). A 'Healthy' dietary pattern (high in fruit, vegetables, fish, whole-grains) was inversely associated with BMI and inflammation at 17 y (p<0.05). Higher BMI at 14 y was associated with higher BMI (p<0.01), leptin (p<0.05), hs-CRP (p<0.05), depressive symptoms (p<0.05) and mental health problems (p<0.05), all at 17 y.CONCLUSION: A 'Western' dietary pattern associates with an increased risk of mental health problems including depressive symptoms in adolescents, through biologically plausible pathways of adiposity and inflammation, whereas a 'Healthy' dietary pattern appears protective in these pathways. Longitudinal modelling into adulthood is indicated to confirm the complex associations of dietary patterns, adiposity, inflammation and mental health problems, including depressive symptoms.",

keywords = "Journal Article",

author = "Oddy, {Wendy H} and Allen, {Karina L} and Trapp, {Georgina S A} and Ambrosini, {Gina L} and Black, {Lucinda J} and Rae-Chi Huang and Peter Rzehak and Runions, {Kevin C} and Feng Pan and Beilin, {Lawrence J} and Mori, {Trevor A}",

note = "Copyright {\textcopyright} 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.",

year = "2018",

month = mar,

doi = "10.1016/j.bbi.2018.01.002",

language = "English",

volume = "69",

pages = "428--439",

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T1 - Dietary patterns, body mass index and inflammation

T2 - pathways to depression and mental health problems in adolescents

AU - Oddy, Wendy H

AU - Allen, Karina L

AU - Trapp, Georgina S A

AU - Ambrosini, Gina L

AU - Black, Lucinda J

AU - Huang, Rae-Chi

AU - Rzehak, Peter

AU - Runions, Kevin C

AU - Pan, Feng

AU - Beilin, Lawrence J

AU - Mori, Trevor A

PY - 2018/3

Y1 - 2018/3

N2 - BACKGROUND: Observational studies suggest that dietary patterns may impact mental health outcomes, although biologically plausible pathways are yet to be tested. We aimed to elucidate the longitudinal relationship between dietary patterns, adiposity, inflammation and mental health including depressive symptoms in a population-based cohort of adolescents.METHODS: Data were provided from 843 adolescents participating in the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study at 14 and 17 years (y) of age. Structural equation modelling was applied to test our hypothesised models relating dietary patterns, energy intake and adiposity (body mass index) at 14 y to adiposity and the pro-inflammatory adipokine (leptin) and inflammation (high sensitivity C-reactive protein - hs-CRP) at 17 y, and these inflammatory markers to depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory) and Internalising and Externalising Behavioral Problems (Child Behavior Check List Youth Self- Report) at 17 y. We further tested a reverse hypothesis model, with depression at 14 y as a predictor of dietary patterns at the same time-point.RESULTS: The tested models provided a good fit to the data. A 'Western' dietary pattern (high intake of red meat, takeaway, refined foods, and confectionary) at 14 y was associated with higher energy intake and BMI at 14 y, and with BMI and biomarkers of inflammation at 17 y (all p<0.05). A 'Healthy' dietary pattern (high in fruit, vegetables, fish, whole-grains) was inversely associated with BMI and inflammation at 17 y (p<0.05). Higher BMI at 14 y was associated with higher BMI (p<0.01), leptin (p<0.05), hs-CRP (p<0.05), depressive symptoms (p<0.05) and mental health problems (p<0.05), all at 17 y.CONCLUSION: A 'Western' dietary pattern associates with an increased risk of mental health problems including depressive symptoms in adolescents, through biologically plausible pathways of adiposity and inflammation, whereas a 'Healthy' dietary pattern appears protective in these pathways. Longitudinal modelling into adulthood is indicated to confirm the complex associations of dietary patterns, adiposity, inflammation and mental health problems, including depressive symptoms.

AB - BACKGROUND: Observational studies suggest that dietary patterns may impact mental health outcomes, although biologically plausible pathways are yet to be tested. We aimed to elucidate the longitudinal relationship between dietary patterns, adiposity, inflammation and mental health including depressive symptoms in a population-based cohort of adolescents.METHODS: Data were provided from 843 adolescents participating in the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study at 14 and 17 years (y) of age. Structural equation modelling was applied to test our hypothesised models relating dietary patterns, energy intake and adiposity (body mass index) at 14 y to adiposity and the pro-inflammatory adipokine (leptin) and inflammation (high sensitivity C-reactive protein - hs-CRP) at 17 y, and these inflammatory markers to depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory) and Internalising and Externalising Behavioral Problems (Child Behavior Check List Youth Self- Report) at 17 y. We further tested a reverse hypothesis model, with depression at 14 y as a predictor of dietary patterns at the same time-point.RESULTS: The tested models provided a good fit to the data. A 'Western' dietary pattern (high intake of red meat, takeaway, refined foods, and confectionary) at 14 y was associated with higher energy intake and BMI at 14 y, and with BMI and biomarkers of inflammation at 17 y (all p<0.05). A 'Healthy' dietary pattern (high in fruit, vegetables, fish, whole-grains) was inversely associated with BMI and inflammation at 17 y (p<0.05). Higher BMI at 14 y was associated with higher BMI (p<0.01), leptin (p<0.05), hs-CRP (p<0.05), depressive symptoms (p<0.05) and mental health problems (p<0.05), all at 17 y.CONCLUSION: A 'Western' dietary pattern associates with an increased risk of mental health problems including depressive symptoms in adolescents, through biologically plausible pathways of adiposity and inflammation, whereas a 'Healthy' dietary pattern appears protective in these pathways. Longitudinal modelling into adulthood is indicated to confirm the complex associations of dietary patterns, adiposity, inflammation and mental health problems, including depressive symptoms.

KW - Journal Article

U2 - 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.01.002

DO - 10.1016/j.bbi.2018.01.002

M3 - Article

C2 - 29339318

SN - 0889-1591

VL - 69

SP - 428

EP - 439

JO - Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

JF - Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

ER -

Dietary patterns, body mass index and inflammation: pathways to depression and mental health problems in adolescents

Abstract

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Projects

Nutritional determinants of Cardiometabolic risk & mental health disorders from infancy to adulthood

Determinants of Child Health and Development: Populations, Partnerships, Pathways and Prevention.

211912 - Developmental Aspects of Respiratory Inflammation, Allergy and Asthma.

Cite this