Depth-profiling of Yb3+ sensitizer ions in NaYF4 upconversion nanoparticles

Xiaoxue Xu, Christian Clarke, Chenshuo Ma, Gilberto Casillas, Minakshi Das, Ming Guan, Deming Liu, Li Wang, Anton Tadich, Yi Du, Cuong Ton-That, Dayong Jin

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

40 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Enhancing the efficiency of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and therefore their brightness is the critical goal for this emerging material to meet growing demands in many potential applications including sensing, imaging, solar energy conversion and photonics. The distribution of the photon sensitizer and activator ions that form a network of energy transfer systems within each single UCNP is vital for understanding and optimizing their optical properties. Here we employ synchrotron-based X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) to characterize the depth distribution of Yb3+ sensitizer ions in host NaYF4 nanoparticles and systematically correlate the structure with the optical properties for a range of UCNPs with different sizes and doping concentrations. We find a radial gradient distribution of Yb3+ from the core to the surface of the NaYF4 nanoparticles, regardless of their size or the sensitizer's concentration. Energy dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) was also used to further confirm the distribution of the sensitizer ions in the host matrix. These results have profound implications for the upconversion optical property variations.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)7719-7726
Number of pages8
JournalNanoscale
Volume9
Issue number23
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 21 Jun 2017
Externally publishedYes

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