Deep Neuromuscular Blockade: Does the Data Support Its Use in Surgical Patients?

Purpose of Review: This review aims to provide an update about the role of deep neuromuscular blockade (NMB) in surgery by providing an overview the literature of the last 3 years. Recent Findings: Since the approval of sugammadex for the reversal of deep NMB, the influence of deep NMB on facilitation of surgery as well as postoperative patient outcome has become the focus of increased interest in research. Though deep NMB is still predominantly investigated in the setting of laparoscopic surgery, some recent publications have also investigated deep block in other patient populations. Summary: Deep NMB has become increasingly popular and intensely researched. Mounting evidence has documented that surgical conditions are improved when deep (vs. moderate) neuromuscular blockade is used. Though this is true for many, it may not be applicable to all surgical procedures. Previously not well documented, deep vs. moderate NMB may also influence postoperative patient outcome by a reduction in surgical complication rates and/or decreased postoperative pain after certain procedures.