TY - JOUR
T1 - Cruciferous vegetables lower blood pressure in adults with mildly elevated blood pressure in a randomized, controlled, crossover trial
T2 - the VEgetableS for vaScular hEaLth (VESSEL) study
AU - Connolly, Emma L
AU - Liu, Alex H
AU - Radavelli-Bagatini, Simone
AU - Shafaei, Armaghan
AU - Boyce, Mary C
AU - Wood, Lisa G
AU - McCahon, Lyn
AU - Koch, Henrietta
AU - Sim, Marc
AU - Hill, Caroline R
AU - Parmenter, Benjamin H
AU - Bondonno, Nicola P
AU - Devine, Amanda
AU - Croft, Kevin D
AU - Mithen, Richard
AU - Gan, Seng Khee
AU - Schultz, Carl J
AU - Woodman, Richard J
AU - Bondonno, Catherine P
AU - Lewis, Joshua R
AU - Hodgson, Jonathan M
AU - Blekkenhorst, Lauren C
N1 - © 2024. The Author(s).
PY - 2024/9/2
Y1 - 2024/9/2
N2 - BACKGROUND: Higher cruciferous vegetable intake is associated with lower cardiovascular disease risk in observational studies. The pathways involved remain uncertain. We aimed to determine whether cruciferous vegetable intake (active) lowers 24-h brachial systolic blood pressure (SBP; primary outcome) compared to root and squash vegetables (control) in Australian adults with mildly elevated BP (SBP 120-160 mmHg inclusive).METHODS: In this randomized, controlled, crossover trial, participants completed two 2-week dietary interventions separated by a 2-week washout. Cruciferous vegetables were compared to root and squash vegetables (~ 300 g/day) consumed with lunch and dinner meals. Participants were blinded to which interventions were the active and control. Adherence was assessed using food diaries and biomarkers (S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide (SMCSO, active) and carotenoids (control)). Twenty-four-hour brachial ambulatory SBP and secondary outcomes were assessed pre- and post each intervention. Differences were tested using linear mixed effects regression.RESULTS: Eighteen participants were recruited (median (IQR) age: 68 (66-70); female: n = 16/18; mean ± SD clinic SBP: 135.9 ± 10.0 mmHg). For both interventions, 72% participants had 100% adherence (IQR: 96.4-100%). SMCSO and carotenoids were significantly different between interventions (mean difference active vs. control SMCSO: 22.93 mg/mL, 95%CI 15.62, 30.23, P < 0.0001; carotenoids: - 0.974 mg/mL, 95%CI - 1.525, - 0.423, P = 0.001). Twenty-four-hour brachial SBP was significantly reduced following the active vs. control (mean difference - 2.5 mmHg, 95%CI - 4.2, - 0.9, P = 0.002; active pre: 126.8 ± 12.6 mmHg, post: 124.4 ± 11.8 mmHg; control pre: 125.5 ± 12.1 mmHg, post: 124.8 ± 13.1 mmHg, n = 17), driven by daytime SBP (mean difference - 3.6 mmHg, 95%CI - 5.4, - 1.7, P < 0.001). Serum triglycerides were significantly lower following the active vs. control (mean difference - 0.2 mmol/L, 95%CI - 0.4, - 0.0, P = 0.047).CONCLUSIONS: Increased intake of cruciferous vegetables resulted in reduced SBP compared to root and squash vegetables. Future research is needed to determine whether targeted recommendations for increasing cruciferous vegetable intake benefits population health.TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical trial registry ACTRN12619001294145. https://www.anzctr.org.au.
AB - BACKGROUND: Higher cruciferous vegetable intake is associated with lower cardiovascular disease risk in observational studies. The pathways involved remain uncertain. We aimed to determine whether cruciferous vegetable intake (active) lowers 24-h brachial systolic blood pressure (SBP; primary outcome) compared to root and squash vegetables (control) in Australian adults with mildly elevated BP (SBP 120-160 mmHg inclusive).METHODS: In this randomized, controlled, crossover trial, participants completed two 2-week dietary interventions separated by a 2-week washout. Cruciferous vegetables were compared to root and squash vegetables (~ 300 g/day) consumed with lunch and dinner meals. Participants were blinded to which interventions were the active and control. Adherence was assessed using food diaries and biomarkers (S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide (SMCSO, active) and carotenoids (control)). Twenty-four-hour brachial ambulatory SBP and secondary outcomes were assessed pre- and post each intervention. Differences were tested using linear mixed effects regression.RESULTS: Eighteen participants were recruited (median (IQR) age: 68 (66-70); female: n = 16/18; mean ± SD clinic SBP: 135.9 ± 10.0 mmHg). For both interventions, 72% participants had 100% adherence (IQR: 96.4-100%). SMCSO and carotenoids were significantly different between interventions (mean difference active vs. control SMCSO: 22.93 mg/mL, 95%CI 15.62, 30.23, P < 0.0001; carotenoids: - 0.974 mg/mL, 95%CI - 1.525, - 0.423, P = 0.001). Twenty-four-hour brachial SBP was significantly reduced following the active vs. control (mean difference - 2.5 mmHg, 95%CI - 4.2, - 0.9, P = 0.002; active pre: 126.8 ± 12.6 mmHg, post: 124.4 ± 11.8 mmHg; control pre: 125.5 ± 12.1 mmHg, post: 124.8 ± 13.1 mmHg, n = 17), driven by daytime SBP (mean difference - 3.6 mmHg, 95%CI - 5.4, - 1.7, P < 0.001). Serum triglycerides were significantly lower following the active vs. control (mean difference - 0.2 mmol/L, 95%CI - 0.4, - 0.0, P = 0.047).CONCLUSIONS: Increased intake of cruciferous vegetables resulted in reduced SBP compared to root and squash vegetables. Future research is needed to determine whether targeted recommendations for increasing cruciferous vegetable intake benefits population health.TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinical trial registry ACTRN12619001294145. https://www.anzctr.org.au.
KW - Humans
KW - Female
KW - Male
KW - Cross-Over Studies
KW - Vegetables
KW - Blood Pressure/physiology
KW - Aged
KW - Australia
KW - Middle Aged
KW - Hypertension/diet therapy
U2 - 10.1186/s12916-024-03577-8
DO - 10.1186/s12916-024-03577-8
M3 - Article
C2 - 39218859
SN - 1741-7015
VL - 22
JO - BMC Medicine
JF - BMC Medicine
IS - 1
M1 - 353
ER -